Digestive Tract Types
This type of animal has a simple stomach with most digestion and absorption occurring in the small intestine.
What is a monogastric
The nonglandular stomach region prone to ulcers.
What is the esophageal region?
This enzyme in calves clots milk to slow passage and allow more digestion.
What is rennin?
The reticulum is honeycomb in texture and is where this disease can occur if metal punctures the stomach lining.
What is hardware disease?
Horses cannot vomit because of this one-way structure.
What is the esophageal sphincter?
Cattle, sheep, and goats are examples of this type of digestive system.
What is a ruminant
The three sections of the small intestine.
What are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum?
The stomach enzyme that digests proteins, activated from pepsinogen.
What is pepsin?
The rumen can hold up to this many gallons in cattle.
What is 55–60 gallons?
Lack of this organ in horses means they cannot store bile.
What is the gall bladder?
Horses are classified as this type of digester because they ferment food in the large intestine.
What is a hindgut fermenter?
This ruminant stomach compartment looks like a “book” and filters particles.
What is the omasum?
The pancreas secretes this enzyme to break down starch.
What is amylase?
The three main volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced during rumen fermentation.
What are acetate, propionate, and butyrate?
A condition in horses caused by rapid fermentation of soluble carbohydrates, leading to stomach gas buildup.
What is colic?
This group of ruminants primarily eat grass with their heads down, while browsers like goats prefer leaves and shrubs.
Who are grazers?
The true stomach of the ruminant.
What is the abomasum?
Brush border enzymes like maltase, sucrase, and lactase work on this class of nutrients.
What are carbohydrates (disaccharides)?
This gas, produced at about 600 L/day, is a major byproduct of rumen fermentation.
What is methane?
A follow-up to colic, this condition restricts blood flow to the feet, causing severe lameness.
What is founder (laminitis)?
In ruminants, food is regurgitated, rechewed, and reswallowed in a process called this.
What is rumination (chewing cud)?
The small intestine increases surface area for absorption using these finger-like projections.
What are villi?
Enterokinase’s main role is to activate this zymogen.
What is trypsinogen?
This process releases 12–30 L/hr of gas from the rumen.
What is eructation (belching)?
Unlike humans, horses must chew to produce this digestive fluid.
What is saliva?