Organic Systems
Founder of modern organic farming
Who is Sir Albert Howard?
First milk produced after calving
What is colostrum?
Main component improving soil aggregation and water retention.
What is soil organic matter (SOM)?
Condition when milk output exceeds energy intake.
What is negative energy balance (NEB)?
Nutrient basis used to eliminate moisture variation.
What is dry matter (DM)?
First long-term organic vs conventional trial in the UK.
What is the Haughley Experiment?
Recommended breeding window postpartum.
What is 50–90 DIM?
Primary nitrogen input in organic systems.
What is biological nitrogen fixation?
Fiber fraction that limits intake.
What is NDF?
Ingredient category high in fiber and essential for rumen function.
What are forages?
U.S. regulation governing organic dairy production.
What is the National Organic Program (NOP)?
Period 21 days before calving.
What is the close-up period?
Soil property reduced by compaction.
What is pore space?
Energy available after digestive and metabolic losses.
What is net energy?
Protein fraction degraded in the rumen.
What is RDP?
Minimum pasture DMI required in organic dairy systems.
What is 30%?
Typical age at first calving in Holsteins.
What is 22–24 months?
Process converting organic nitrogen into plant-available nitrogen.
What is mineralization?
Stage of lactation when DMI peaks.
What is mid-lactation?
Tool used to evaluate fiber adequacy and protein balance from feces.
What is manure scoring?
Term describing retail consolidation reducing farmers’ share of milk revenue.
What is the “Walmarting” of the dairy industry?
Postpartum reproductive process completed by ~40 DIM.
What is uterine involution?
Soil factor controlling nutrient solubility.
What is soil pH?
Prepartum dietary strategy used to prevent milk fever.
What is negative DCAD?
Optimization method used in ration formulation.
What is linear programming?