Poultry
Eggs are almost a perfect super food. What one nutrient are the missing?
Vitamin C
What number of gilts per pen is ideal for inducing puberty?
6-12 gilts
How long is a horse in estrus? How long in diestrus?
Estrus = 4-7 days
Diestrus = 14-15 days
Rabies (transmission, effects, treatment/prevention)
Transmission: virus enters through bite and migrtates up the nerves and to the brain
Effects: encephalitis, neuro symptoms, death in 1-5 days
Vaccines to prevent and euthanasia to treat
What is the test that diagnoses equine infectious anemia?
Coggins test
How much light should a layer hen receive a day?
16 hours of light daily year round
How might one induce synchronized farrowing?
Prostaglandin injection on day 112. +\- oxytocin injection 24 hours after prostoglandin.
Describe ther 1-2-3 rule for horses
Foal stands in 1 hour
Foal nurses within 2 hours
Mare passes placenta within 3 hours
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (transmission, efffects, treatment)
Tranismission: direct contact with sick birds, aerosol and fecel matter. Indirect contact through ingestion contaminated food and water or contact with fomites
Effects: bloody diarrhea, cold symptoms, drop in egg production and quality, swollen body parts, trouble walking, DEATH
Treatment: euthanasia and depopulation
What three animals are the 4 most common carriers of rabies virus?
Bats (35%), Raccoons (29%), skunks (17%), foxes (8%)
Where in a chickens reproductive tract is the site of fertilization?
Infundibulum
What 4 reasons might a farmer induce synchronized farrowing?
Allows for close supervision during farrowing
Improves use of labor and facilities
Allows for cross fostering
Groups sows for weaning and rebreeding
How often should a horse have its hooves trimmed?
Every 6-8 weeks
Desccribe Mareks disease (organism type, transmission, effects, prevention)
Highly contagious herpresvirus
Tranismssion: grows in the feathers follicles which are spread and inhaled as dust from preening and molting.
Effects: tumors in nerves causing paralysis and depression. Mortality of 20%
Prevention: vaccine to one day old chick or embryos at 18 days
What triggers the formation of an air cell in the chicken egg?
The temperature difference from the inside of the chicken body (105F) to the outside
Define feed efficiency for egg layers and the ideal feed efficiency
Lb feed required to produce 1 dozen eggs. Goal is 4.3lb food per dozen eggs.
What percent of live weight is lost on the hoof? What percent on the rail? What is the overall meat yield?
25% on the hoof. 20% on the rail. 55-57% overall.
What are the 4 core vaccines for horses?
Eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis (EEE/WEE)
Tetanus
West Nile Virus (WNV)
Rabies
Equine Infectious Anemia (organism type, transmission, effects)
Retrovirus that reproduces in the horses WBC
Transmission: blood sucking insects, contaminated needles, or in utero
Effects: anemia, fever, sweating, depression, weight loss, rapid breatha nd heart rate, discolored mucos membrane, edema, bleeding from nose, colic, abortion. OR no symptoms at all, carriers for life
Describe the furgesons reflex
Fetal pressure on the cervix is detected and relayed to the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary via sensory neurons - releases oxytocin
What 4 components of an egg are evaluated for a quality grade?
Shell (shape, cleanliness, soundness), albumen, air cell, yolk
What are the top 5 causes of pre-weaning mortality?
Crushing
Starvation (runt or sow lactation failure)
Misc
diarrhea/scours: bacteria and viruses
Respiratory disease
In KB’s words: “How many minutes determines whether a foal lives or dies during birth” in terms of recieving vetrinary care at birth, and why?
19 minutes.
Equine placenta detaches readily from uterus so foals barely survive extended labor because ocygen is noo longer coming through the placenta so they must come out of the placenta quickly
Parvovirus - swine (transmission, effects at <30 days preganant, 30-70 days pregnant, >70 days pregnant)
Transmission: ingestion, inhalation, breeding & transplacentally
<30d = embryonic death and resorption
30-70 days = sequential death; mummies and stillbirth
>70 days = fetal immune responses and some live births (abortion rare)
Give me at least 5 examples of standards that must be met for poultry to be considered organic
Must be fed organic food from the second day after hatching
All components of feed must be 100% organic
No growth hormones, antibiotics, bio engineering, animal clonging, feeding of slaughtered by products
All production and processing operations must be USDA certified
Year round access to the outdoors, shade, shelter, exercise areas, direct sunlight
Appropriate clean, dry bedding
Constant access to fresh water and food
Shelter designed to allow them to do their natural behaviors