Transcription
What direction is RNA transcribed in and What direction does it read the DNA template
5'-3'
3'-5'
What initiates eukaryotic transcription
RNAP and transcription factors
What is an enzyme?
Protein that has a specialized job to regulate certain biochemical reactions
Group on amino acids that is unique to each one
R group
Start codon sequence
AUG (methionine)
Would the same gene on two complementary DNA strands be transcribed the same?
What is the unique consensus sequence in eukaryotes
TATA box (usually at -25)
If there is a mutation in a certain pathway preventing substrate B from being converted into substrate C, where is the mutation?
On the enzyme that converts substrate B into substrate C
Polarity of a polypeptide chain
What terminates the translation of an mRNA strand?
Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA)
What binds to the core RNAP in prokaryotes, turning it "on" for transcription
Sigma factor
Sequences that help regulate transcription (acts as a dimmer switch for expression)
Enhancers
If there is a mutation on an enzyme that converts substrate A into substrate B, what would happen?
How do you treat this?
There would be a buildup of substrate A and a deficiency of substrate B
Supplement substrate B or end product
Amino acid Sequence dictates (blank)
Protein Structure dictates (blank)
Protein Structure, Function
The 3 sites on a ribosome that are used during translation, what does each one do?
A: accepts new tRNA amino acids
P: holds the polypeptide chain
E: ejects used tRNA
What are the two types of termination in prokaryotic transcription.
DAILY DOUBLE!
Briefly describe both of these to get bonus points
Rho independent and Rho dependent
What are the three different types of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes, and what do they do?
RNAP I: makes rRNA (ribosomal)
RNAP II: makes pre-mRNA (messenger)
RNAP III: makes tRNA (transfer)
If there is one mutation anywhere on a biosynthetic pathway, can the end product be made?
No (why?)
First protein structure that is biologically functional
Tertiary (why?)
What direction is RNA read and what direction are polypeptides created during translation
5'-3'
N->C
What controls the strength of the RNA polymerase binding site in prokaryotic transcription?
how much the promoter sequences matches the consensus sequences
How is pre-mRNA changed into mRNA
A 5' methylated cap is added
3' poly tail is added
introns are spliced out
If Neurospora only requires carbohydrates, amino acids, and vitamins to grow. What mutation does it have if it does not grow on media supplemented with only carbohydrates and vitamins?
Mutation on the biosynthetic pathway for amino acids
If there is a mutation on any of the protein organization levels can the protein function properly?
No
If an anti-codon has the sequence 5' ACG 3' what would be the corresponding mRNA codon it interacts with?
5' CGU 3'