Cell Cycle/Meiosis
Is the number of chromosomes doubled during S phase?
No. DNA is copied but chromosome number stays the same
Which type of abnormal chromosome structure is irreversible?
Deletion
What produces aneuploidy?
Nondisjunction during Meiosis. Unequal distribution of chromosomes in gametes.
Is a sequence with 24 A, 15 T, 26 G, 28 C an example of Chargaff's rule?
No because,
A=T
C=G
Start codon sequence
AUG (methionine)
Where are the two checkpoints in the cell cycle, and what do you need to pass them?
Between G1 and S, between G2 and M.
you need the appropriate amount of protein in the cytoplasm to pass
Inversion of a chromosome not involving the centromere
paracentric
How many Barr bodies would a person with turner syndrome have?
0
Chromatin that is permanently inactive to transcription
Constitutive Heterochromatin
What terminates the translation of an mRNA strand?
Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA)
Points on chromosome where crossing over occurs
Chiasmata
What other kinds of abnormal chromosome structure occur after unequal crossing over due to an inversion?
Duplication and Deletion
Cattle have 58 autosomes. A bull with Klinefelter's syndrome would have his chromosome number be written as
61, XXY
Name for when the amount of DNA in an organism's haploid genome is not directly correlated to the organism's complexity.
c-value paradox
(what is c-value)
The 3 sites on a ribosome that are used during translation, what does each one do?
A: accepts new tRNA amino acids
P: holds the polypeptide chain
E: ejects used tRNA
How many chromosomes are in each of the four daughter cells created during meiosis II? And are they haploid or diploid?
23 chromosomes in each
Haploid
How is familial down syndrome different than traditional down syndrome?
the extra chromosome 21 is fused to another chromosome in a Robertsonian translocation
If a tetraploidy (4) banana has 36 chromosomes, what are the monoploid and haploid numbers
Monoploid: 9
Haploid: 18
A (blank) consists of only a nitrogenous base and a ribose/deoxyribose sugar
Nucleoside
(what is this missing)
What direction is RNA read and what direction are polypeptides created during translation
5'-3'
N->C
At what stage in prophase I are human oocytes arrested until ovulation?
Diplotene
Why do Robertsonian translocations occur more in cattle than in humans?
Because cattle's chromosomes are all acrocentric, whereas humans only have some acrocentric chromosomes.
Which polyploid will have the most trouble producing functional gametes
3N=33
8N=56
4N=48
3N=33
(why?)
The sequence of one strand of DNA is 5' AGCGGATC 3' what is the sequence of the complementary strand?
5' GATCCGCT 3'
If an anti-codon has the sequence 5' ACG 3' what would be the corresponding mRNA codon it interacts with?
5' CGU 3'