Fruits of Manifest Destiny
Texas settlers of Spanish or Mexican descent were called ______________
The acquisition of new land reopened the question of slavery’s expansion. The divisive potential of this issue became clear in 1846, when a resolution called ____________ was proposed that would prohibit slavery from all territory acquired from Mexico.
Wilmot Proviso
In the first battle of the Civil War, this federal fort in Charleston (South Carolina) Harbor was captured by the Confederates on April 14, 1861, after two days of shelling.
Fort Sumter
With 165,000 troops involved, this battle remains the largest battle ever fought on the North American continent. After his defeat Lee's army retreated to Virginia, never again to set foot on northern soil.
Battle of Gettysburg
This reconstruction agency was established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning.
The Freedman's Bureau
After President James Polk sent 4,000 U.S. soldiers to this river, a small group of Mexican troops crossed the river to engage the Americans in war.
the Rio Grande
Devised by Senator Henry Clay this legislation called ______________ admitted California as a free state, included a stronger fugitive slave law, and delayed determination of the slave status of the New Mexico and Utah territories.
the Compromise of 1850
This group within the Republican Party in the 1850s and 1860s advocated strong resistance to the expansion of slavery, opposition to compromise with the South in the secession crisis of 1860–1861, emancipation and arming of black soldiers during the Civil War, and equal civil and political rights for blacks during Reconstruction.
Radical Republicans
After Grant engaged the Confederates in a two month siege, Confederate General Joseph C. Pemberton's army of 30,000 men died. The Union now gained control of the Mississippi River.
Battle of Vicksburg
President Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction, issued in 1863, whereby southern states would rejoin the Union if 10 percent of the 1860 electorate signed loyalty pledges, accepted emancipation, and had received presidential pardons.
The Ten-Percent Plan
This military leader in 1834 seized political power in Mexico and became a dictator. In 1835, Texans rebelled against him, and he led his army to Texas to crush their rebellion.
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Called the __________________ this law sponsored by Illinois senator Stephen A. Douglas allowed settlers in newly organized territories north of the Missouri border to decide the slavery issue for themselves.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Known as "_________________" this was an attempt during the Civil War by the South to pressure the British to support them in the war by banning cotton exports.
"King Cotton Diplomacy"
Signed on January 1, 1863, this edict known as the _____________ did not liberate all the slaves—indeed, on the day it was issued, it only applied to slaves in Confederate territory.
Emancipation Proclamation
This bill required a majority (not one-tenth) of white male southerners to pledge support for the Union before Reconstruction could begin in any state, and it guaranteed blacks equality before the law, although not the right to vote.
Wade-Davis Bill
According to the Treaty of _____________, Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including the present-day states California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Known as "__________________" because violence erupted between pro- and antislavery settlers in the Kansas Territory, 1856.
"Bleeding Kansas"
This 1866 Supreme Court case declared that it was unconstitutional to bring accused persons before military tribunals where civil courts were operating.
Ex Parte Milligan
In this campaign known as the __________________ Sherman and his army of 60,000 set out from Atlanta cutting a sixty-mile-wide swath through the heart of Georgia, they destroyed railroads, buildings, and all the food and supplies they could not use. His aim, Sherman wrote, was “to whip the rebels, to humble their pride, to follow them to their innermost recesses, and make them fear and dread us.”
March to the Sea
These laws granted blacks certain rights, such as legalized marriage, ownership of property, and limited access to the courts. But they denied them the rights to testify against whites, to serve on juries or in state militias, or to vote. Those who failed to sign yearly labor contracts could be arrested and hired out to white landowners.
Black Codes
This U.S. naval officer negotiated the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1854. That treaty was the first step in starting a political and commercial relationship between the United States and Japan.
Commodore Matthew Perry
This was the site of abolitionist John Brown’s failed raid on the federal arsenal, October 16–17, 1859; Brown became a martyr to his cause after his capture and execution.
Harper's Ferry, Virginia
To spur agricultural development, Congress passed this law which offered 160 acres of free public land to settlers in the West
The Homestead Act
This was the site of the surrender of Confederate general Robert E. Lee to Union general Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865, marking the end of the Civil War.
Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia
This system known as _____________ allowed each black family to rent a part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.
sharecropping