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Terms
Politics
People
Abolitionists
Miscellaneous
100
This was the name given to the people that came to northern California in huge numbers in 1849 after gold was discovered in 1848.
What is the 49ers?
100
This was the famous Filibusterer who invaded and became President of the Republic of Nicaragua between 1856 and 1857. (Hint: Filibuster - the action of invading Central American countries in an effort to establish personal rule and spread slavery. Performed in private groups that were composed of pro-slavery Americans. )
Who is William Walker?
100
This was the abolitionist who used propaganda to fight slavery, created the newspaper, “The Liberator” and was one of the most aggressive voices proposing the total abolition of slavery in the United States.
Who is William Lloyd Garrison?
100
This resolution was made by Abraham Lincoln when he was a Congressman; the resolution demanded that President Polk identify the exact location where American blood was (supposedly) spilt on American soil. This anti-war amendment also failed and it imperiled Lincoln’s political career as he lost his reelection campaign in part because he opposed a popular war.
What is the "spot" resolution?
200
These were the groups that took control of Gold Rush era San Francisco, taking the law into their own hands and sometimes executing those accused of crimes.
What is the Committees of Vigilance?
200
This was the political party formed in the year 1848 to oppose the expansion of slavery into the territory acquired in the Mexican war. They nominated Martin Van Buren for President. Called for barring slavery from western territories and for the federal government to provide free homestead to settlers in the new territories.
What is the Free Soil Party?
200
This was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the Dred Scott Decision. Originally appointed by Jackson, Taney was aggressively pro-slavery.
Who is Roger B. Taney?
200
This was the abolitionist minister who advocated violence to fight slavery. Famously sent “Beecher’s Bibles” to the Free-Soilers in boxes that were labeled “bibles,” but actually contained guns.
Who is Henry Ward Beecher?
200
This was the man that took over the presidency when Zachary Taylor died in 1852. He was willing to make a compromise to resolve the conflict over slavery in the Mexican cession.
Who is Millard Fillmore?
300
This was a program/principle which is most commonly associated with Stephen Douglas (although it was originally proposed by Lewis Cass) it allowed settlers in a disputed territory to decide the “issue of slavery” (that is, whether they would permit or prohibit the practice in their territory) through popular vote. While “democratic” in theory, it became a very problematic policy in the Kansas territory.
What is popular sovereignty?
300
This is the Nativist organization that organized against the increased influence of Catholic immigrants. Swept the 1854 state elections of Massachusetts. Former President Millard Fillmore ran as the (blank) Candidate for President in 1856 –the peak of their power. The Know-Nothings later joined the newly-formed Republican party.
What is the American Party?
300
This was a very religious abolitionist who was responsible for an attack in Kansas and also the raid on Harper’s Ferry in Virginia, where he attempted to free slaves by attacking the federal arsenal (he failed and was hung).
Who is John Brown?
300
These were members of the political party dedicated to preserving the union and brokering some sort of compromise between the increasingly radicalized north and south. Most members were from border states who assumed (correctly) that if war came, much of it would be fought in their states.
What is Constitutional Unionists?
400
This was the vivid name given to extreme pro-slavery politicians from the South who advocated secession.
What is fire-eaters?
400
This was the party composed by a combination of antislavery Whigs, Know-Nothings, and Free Soilers. In the year 1856, they nominated John C Fremont for president and in the year 1860, they nominated Abraham Lincoln (blank) platform: stop expansion of slavery, high tariffs, Homestead Act, transcontinental railroad (infrastructure), and land grant colleges.
What is the Republican Party?
400
This was the president nicknamed Young Hickory of the Granite Hills. Elected 14th president of the U.S. in 1852. While he was from the north, he gained the Democratic nomination because of his willingness to support the southern agenda of expanding slavery. He is responsible for signing pro-southern legislation such as the Gadsden Purchase and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Who is Franklin Pierce?
400
This was the abolitionist who fought against slavery by repeatedly returning to the south to shepherd escaped slaves northward on the Underground Railroad. (Hint: “A secretive system of routes and safe houses through which slaves were lead to freedom in the North” (Foner), it was functioning in the years before the Civil War.)
Who is Harriet Tubman?
400
Two part answer. First, this document was written in 1854 in Ostend (Belgium) by U.S. Ministers to England/Spain/France recommending the purchase or seizure of Cuba in an effort to increase the amount of slaveholding territory that belonged to the United States. (An example of the increasing radicalism of the South in the final years leading up the Civil War.) Second, written by John Crittenden, this was a last ditch effort to prevent war and save the union; it proposed a series of constitutional amendments to serve as a compromise between proslavery and antislavery factions, one of which would have permitted slavery in the territories south but not north of latitude 36°30′N. It failed and the war began soon after.
What is Ostend Manifesto and the Crittenden Compromise?
500
These were the pro-slavery activists on the western border of Kansas who threatened to shoot, burn, or hang anyone who opposed slavery.
What are the border ruffians?
500
*Double Jeopardy* First, this was a compromise created by Henry Clay in congress and signed into law by Millard Fillmore that admitted California as a free state, included a stronger fugitive slave law, prohibited the slave trade in Washington and subjected the rest of the Mexican cession to popular sovereignty. Second, this was the act that gave the Federal government authority in cases involving runaway slaves. This act caused considerable opposition from the North because it brought the oppression of slavery to their doorsteps as many northerners were forced to witness runaway slaves violently recaptured in northern cities.
What is the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act?
500
This was an anti-slavery senator from New York. Thought that the two systems of economics/society were incompatible within a single nation. Claimed the U.S. needed to be entirely slave holding or entirely free-labor. While he was the more experienced candidate for President in 1860, the Republican Party passed over him in favor of Lincoln because he was considered too radical.
Who is William Seward?
500
These were the brothers who were successful businessmen that became abolitionists and became the financial backing of abolitionism. Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society.
Who are Arthur and Lewis Tappan?
500
*Triple Jeopardy* Three part answer. First, this was Congress’s purchase of thirty thousand square miles of land in what is now present-day Arizona and New Mexico. The primary goal of the purchase was for use in the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad’s transcontinental railroad route. Second, this was the pro-slavery constitution of Kansas that was drafted after border ruffians fraudulently elected a pro-southern constitutional convention in Kansas. Pro-Southern President James Buchanan wanted this to be accepted and Kansas to enter the USA as a slave state. Stephen Douglas, furious the popular sovereignty had resulted in violence and a fraudulent election in Kansas, opposed this, leading to his split with the President and the southern-dominated Democratic party. After the outbreak of the Civil War, Kansas eventually entered the Union in 1861 as a free state. Third, and finally, this was the court case introduced when a slave traveled with his master to a free state and subsequently claimed that his residency on free soil entitled him to his freedom. The court decided that since people with African ancestry could not be citizens, they could not sue, making the entire case irrelevant. Still, the court went even further by claiming that this slave was a piece of property, and therefore he belonging to his owner and could not be taken by the government without due process (as stated in the Constitution.) This was a massively significant case as it suggested that slavery could exist anywhere in the USA.
What is the Gadsden Purchase, the Lecompton Constitution, and Dred Scott vs. Sanford?