Abnormal Pregnancies
Loss of pregnancy due to chromosomal abnormalities or maternal illness is called what?
Spontaneous abortion
A mother with placenta previa should avoid what procedure?
Vaginal exams
Virus that attacks the immune system and can be transmitted perinatally.
HIV/AIDS
A pregnant patient reports a sudden gush of fluid from the vagina at 33 weeks. What complication should the nurse suspect?
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
Medication given to Rh-negative mothers to prevent antibody formation.
RhoGAM
What is the main concern with HIV/AIDS in pregnancy?
Maternal viral load and perinatal transmission; breastfeeding is contraindicated
Name two risk factors for placental abruption.
Hypertension, trauma, cocaine use, smoking
Common herpes virus often asymptomatic in mothers but can cause congenital infection in the fetus.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Swelling, redness, or calf pain in a pregnant patient may indicate which serious condition?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
When should an Rh-negative mother receive RhoGAM during pregnancy?
At 28 weeks and postpartum if baby is Rh-positive
Name two risk factors for ectopic pregnancy.
PID, IUD, prior tubal surgery, smoking
Name two warning signs of spontaneous abortion.
Heavy bleeding, passage of tissue, foul discharge, fever
Name two TORCH infections that can cause congenital defects.
Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, CMV, Herpes Simplex Virus
Epigastric pain in pregnancy is an important warning sign of what disorder?
Preeclampsia (due to ischemia in major abdominal vessels)
What does a positive indirect Coombs test indicate?
Mother has Rh antibodies, risk of fetal hemolysis
Painless bright red bleeding in the second or third trimester due to placenta covering the cervix is called?
Placenta previa
What is the primary nursing intervention for DIC?
Treat underlying cause, give blood products, monitor strict I&O
What is the primary way cytomegalovirus is transmitted to pregnant individuals in healthcare or childcare settings?
Contact with infected bodily fluids, especially urine or saliva from young children
Persistent vomiting in pregnancy may indicate hyperemesis gravidarum. What is one major complication associated with this condition?
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
Why is RhoGAM important after a miscarriage in an Rh-negative mother?
Prevent sensitization to Rh-positive fetal blood
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall causing painful dark bleeding is called?
Placental abruption
Condition with massive clotting that consumes clotting factors causing uncontrolled bleeding.
DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)
What is the main nursing teaching for a pregnant woman with HIV?
Encourage ART compliance, avoid breastfeeding, consider C-section if high viral load
A pregnant patient reports dizziness, blurred vision, and seeing spots before her eyes. What dangerous complication should the nurse assess for?
Hypertension or preeclampsia
Name one method of fetal surveillance if maternal Coombs test is positive.
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler, possible early delivery