Testing
Which antepartal test uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize fetal structures and assess fetal growth?
Ultrasound
A client at 30 weeks’ gestation presents with painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. What complication should the nurse suspect first?
Placenta previa should be suspected, as it typically presents with painless, bright red bleeding in the second or third trimester due to the placenta covering or being near the cervical os.
A client at 30 weeks’ gestation presents with painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound shows the placenta partially covering the cervical os. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Placenta previa
What is Nagels Rule?
How to calculate EDC
Add one year to the first day of the LMP, Subtract three months, and Add seven days.
What is the first-line management strategy for mild gestational hypertension without severe features?
Close monitoring with frequent blood pressure checks, urine protein assessments, fetal surveillance (NST or BPP), and maternal education on warning signs is the standard approach, rather than immediate medication.
A nonstress test (NST) is considered reactive when:
when the fetal heart rate accelerates at least 15 beats per minute above baseline for at least 15 seconds, observed at least twice within a 20-minute period
Which hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation?
Preeclampsia is defined as new-onset hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg) and proteinuria (>300 mg/24 hours) or other signs of end-organ dysfunction after 20 weeks of gestation.
Which placental complication is characterized by abnormal implantation into the myometrium and sometimes beyond, increasing risk of hemorrhage during delivery?
Placenta accreta
What does GPATL stand for?
Gravida
Para
Abortion
Term
Living
A life-threatening complication of preeclampsia characterized by Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets.
HELLP Syndrome
What are the 4 areas of a biophysical profile?
Breathing
Movement
Tone
Amniotic fluid volume
A patient at 36 weeks’ gestation with preeclampsia has 3+ proteinuria, severe headache, and visual disturbances. What is the priority nursing intervention?
administer magnesium sulfate as ordered for seizure prophylaxis and to monitor for signs of magnesium toxicity (e.g., decreased reflexes, respiratory depression).
What placental hormone is measured in maternal serum to confirm pregnancy and monitor placental function in early gestation?
HCG
A pregnancy that develops outside of the uterus is called?
Ectopic Pregnancy
A patient at 24 weeks’ gestation is diagnosed with cervical insufficiency. Which intervention is most likely to be prescribed?
Cerclage
Which antepartal test involves inserting a needle into the amniotic sac to obtain fluid for genetic testing or fetal lung maturity?
Amniocentesis
Which clinical finding distinguishes placental abruption from placenta previa?
Placental abruption typically presents with sudden-onset painful vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and a firm, tender uterus, whereas placenta previa usually involves painless vaginal bleeding.
Which placental complication places the fetus at greatest risk for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to reduced blood flow and nutrient exchange?
Placental insufficiency results in decreased perfusion and impaired nutrient/oxygen transfer, leading to intrauterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios, and potential fetal hypoxia.
TORCH stands for?
Toxoplasmosis, Other (hep B), Rubella, cytomegalovirus, HSV
What are the signs & symptoms of preeclamsia?
Upper right abdominal pain
Vision changes (floaters or stars)
Edema of the hands and face
What contraction stress test (CST) look at?
CST evaluates fetal heart rate response to uterine contractions
What is hyperemesis gravidarum?
Severe form of nausea and vomiting that can lead to complications.
How many placentas are in a Mo/Mo twin pregnancy?
Mo/Mo twins have:
One chorion → one shared placenta.
One amniotic sac → no dividing membrane between the twins.
This is the rarest type of twin pregnancy and carries higher risks such as cord entanglement and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
What are the 4 steps to Leopolds Manuver?
1.Fundal Grip
2.Umbilical Grip
3.Pelvic Grip
4.Pedal Grip
A pregnant client at 28 weeks’ gestation is diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Which potential complication is most likely to occur in the newborn?
Hypoglycemia