RELATEDNESS & KINSHIP
This term describes the socially recognized ties that connect people through friendship, marriage, parenthood, common ancestors, and other connections.
What is relatedness?
This principle is based on culturally recognized parent-child connections that define the social categories to which people belong.
What is descent?
This term describes relationships created through marriage, connecting individuals and their respective families.
What are affinal relationships?
This marriage pattern allows a person to be married to only one spouse at a time.
What is monogamy?
In this custom adoption practice, an adoptee can maintain flexible relationships with both their birth family and adoptive family.
What is Inuit custom adoption?
This type of kinship group includes relatives connected through both the mother's and father's sides of the family.
What is a bilateral kindred?
One marriage principle means marrying within a defined social group. Its opposite means marrying outside that group. Identify both.
What are endogamy and exogamy?
This marriage pattern allows a person to be married to more than one spouse at the same time.
What is polygamy?
E.E. Evans-Pritchard studied a society in which descent through the father's line was central to social organization. What descent principle does this demonstrate?
What is patrilineal descent?
Name two examples of bodily shared substances and two examples of spiritual shared substances. (Answer may not be formatted as a question. This is an application question.)
Bodily substances: such as blood, genes, and mother's milk.
Spiritual substances: such as soul, spirit, nurturance, and love.
This practice involves valuable goods being transferred to the bride's lineage by the groom's side, symbolically compensating for the loss of her labour and child-bearing capacities.
What is bride wealth, or bride price?
The difference and terms between a man having multiple wives and a woman having multiple husbands.
What are polygyny and polyandry?
In the Nuer case study, members of the same clan cannot marry each other, and sexual relations within the group are considered incest. What marriage principle does this demonstrate?
What is exogamy?
Anthropologists identify three major principles of relatedness. Match each experience to its corresponding relationship respectively: mating, birth, and nurturance. (Answer may not be formatted as a question. This is an application question.)
marriage (affinal relationships), descent (consanguineal relationships), and adoption.
One descent group is formed through father-child links, while another is formed through mother-child links. Identify both.
What are patrilineage and matrilineage?
Unlike bride wealth, this refers to wealth usually transferred from a woman's parents to their daughter at the time of her marriage.
What is a dowry?
Identify the four post-marital residence patterns: (1) independent household, (2) near the husband's father's family, (3) near the wife's mother's family, and (4) near the husband's mother's brother.
What are neolocal, patrilocal, matrilocal, and avunculocal residence?
E.E. Evans-Pritchard described two particular kinds of marriage among the Nuer. Name both.
What are woman marriage and ghost marriage?
One group traces its descent through consanguineal members to a known ancestor. Another believes it shares a common, sometimes mythical, ancestor but cannot identify the exact genealogical links. Identify both.
What are a lineage and a clan, respectively?
A married couple moves near the husband's maternal uncle. Descent and inheritance pass through the mother's line, giving this uncle an important position of authority. Identify the residence pattern and explain the uncle's importance. (Answer may not be formatted as a question. This is an application question.)
What is avunculocal residence? The maternal uncle is important because descent and inheritance pass through the mother's line.
In a matrilineal society, a boy's most important male relative may be his mother's brother rather than his biological father. He may also receive inheritance from this uncle. Identify the descent system, the important family relationship, and one distinction anthropologists make about women's power. How does it relate to women's power? (Answer may not be formatted as a question. This is an application question.)
What is matrilineage, where the sister-brother relationship is especially important? Matrilineage does not automatically mean matriarchy; women's power is a separate question.