The Basics
Archaeology is one of the four major fields of this discipline
What is Anthropology?
(Chapter 1, page 14)
Who is Thomas Jefferson?
(Chapter 1, page 18)
The study of different sediment deposition layers
What is Stratigraphy?
(Chapter 3, pages 91-93)
This method is used alongside remote sensing and probing techniques to gain a preliminary idea of what lies beneath the surface
What is Shovel-Test Pits?
(Chapter 3, page 86)
Pompeii and this other city is known for its natural formation process due to the eruption of a nearby volcano, burying the cities under meters of volcanic ash.
What is Herculaneum?
(Chapter 1 & 2, pages 17-18; 51)
Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age
What is the Three Age System?
(Chapter 1, page 20)
Known for her discovery of a Neanderthal child's skull and her ground-breaking excavations in Iraq and Palestine
Who is Dorothy Garrod?
(Chapter 1, page 22)
GIS
What is Geographic Information Systems?
(Chapter 3, page 78)
This excavation technique focuses on the horizontal dimension and single period deposits by excavating large areas
What is Open Area Excavation?
(Chapter 3, page 96)
Heinrich Schliemann relied upon landscape descriptions from documentary sources (Homer's The Iliad) to find this city in modern day Turkey
What is Troy?
(Chapter 3, page 65)
Modified portable objects (e.g., pottery and metal weapons)
What is an Artifact?
(Chapter 2, page 40)
Developed the grid-square method of dividing and excavating a site
Who is Sir Mortimer Wheeler?
(Chapter 1, page 23)
Vertical and horizontal position of an artifact
What is provenience?
(Chapter 2, page 42)
This type of excavation is complex and often expensive
What is Underwater Excavation?
(Chapter 3, pages 101)
Ian Hodder applied postprocessual archaeology (interpretative archaeology) approaches at this early farming site in modern day Turkey
What is Çatalhöyük?
(Chapter 1, page 31)
Matrix, Provenience, and Association
What is Context?
(Chapter 2, page 42)
Developed a "blueprint" for a regional strategy: 1) Reconnaissance; selection of a criteria for ranking the remains of sites chronologically; 3) organizing them into a probable sequence; 4) stratigraphic excavation to elucidate specific problems; 5) detailed regional survey and dating
Who is Alfred Kidder?
(Chapter 1, page 24-25)
Ground penetrating radar, resistivity meter, and magnetometers are non-destructive tools are examples of this method to detect what's beneath the surface
What is Ground-Based Remote Sensing
(Chapter 3, page 87)
Simple random, stratified random, systematic, and stratified unaligned systematic
What is Sampling Strategies?
(Chapter 3, page 68-69)
The discovery of the Ice Maiden from this culture in southern Siberia is an excellent example of cold preservation which remarkably preserved their tattoos.
What is Pazyryk?
(Chapter 2, pages 54-55)
Prior to any archaeological fieldwork (surveying and excavation), archaeologists try to make their objectives explicit through this procedure
What is a Research Design?
(Chapter 3, page 64)
Founder of New Archaeology (Processual Archaeology) which sought to explain through valid generalizations
Who is Lewis Binford?
(Chapter 1, page 28)
In general, excavations can be divided into these two dimensions
What are Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions?
This structure is used by placing metal sheets around the underwater archaeological site and pumping water out to perform an excavation. This technique, however, is highly expensive and rarely used.
What is a Cofferdam?
LIDAR is used as aerial survey to find archaeological sites of this culture in the Yucatan peninsula and modern-day Guatemala
What are the Mayans?
(Chapter 3, pages 74-76)