Discourse
The smallest units with referential meaning in language.
What are morphemes?
Thomas Gallaudet & Laurent Clerc started Gallaudet University in Washington DC. What is the main language of instruction?
What is American Sign Language?
This is a feeling of solidarity with people you will never meet. The nation is one political example of this concept, coined by Benedict Anderson.
What is an imagined community?
In 1996, the Oakland School Board was embroiled in national controversy for seeking recognition of this nonstandard dialect as the native language of students, to be able to access funding for bilingual education.
What is AAVE? (Or, Ebonics, or, Black American English)
A linguist would use this term to describe Timbaland’s phrases “I ain’t go no money”, and “I ain’t got no Red American Express” in the song “The Way I Are.”
What is Non-standard grammar, or double negative constructions, or African American English grammar?
This is the study of language beyond the level of syntax. It looks at language as social action and addresses how context and culture influence meaning.
What are pragmatics?
This combination of Ukrainian and Russian speech is stigmatized but also used in alternative cultural expression in Ukraine.
What is Surzhyk?
This is how one would describe a language situation in which speakers converse or respond to each other in different languages.
What is non-accommodating bilingualism?
This is how one would transcribe the word CONTROVERSY into IPA.
What is kɑntɹəvəɹsi ?
Cookie Monster eats cookies all the time. In African American English, to describe this situation you would say "Cookie Monster be eatin' cookies," using this verb tense.
What is the habitual 'be' tense?
These features of speech span more than one linguistic segment and are present in both oral and sign languages. They include intonation, rhythm, stress, or speed.
What are suprasegmentals?
This is a criterion one can use to distinguish the difference between a pidgin and a creole.
What are native speakers or fully elaborated grammars?
Benedict Anderson argues that this phenomenon was key in the emergence of nationalism about 300 years ago. It depended on the invention of the printing press and with free-market forces.
What is print capitalism?
The Coca Cola commercial featuring the "America the Beautiful" song was controversial because of this.
What is: having the song sung in various languages?
The Rivoli Revue uploaded a song called "Press One for English.” Their song is part of the English-only movement, demonstrating a clear belief about being American requiring speaking English. In general such beliefs or feelings about language and its connection to social identity are called by this term.
What is language ideology?
This person is considered the "father of sociolinguistics". He conducted studies of pronunciation among people from different socioeconomic classes in New York City.
Who is William Labov?
The sound /v/ is a voiced fricative made in this place of articulation.
What is labiodental?
This is a situation where a country has two languages that have different functions, where a "high language" is associated with prestigious culture, government, and higher education, and a "low language" is associated with uneducated, informal, low prestige spheres.
What is diglossia?
Despite ongoing controversy, this remains the official language policy of the United States.
What is "there is no official language"?
This is how you write pop music in IPA.
What is pɑp mjuzɪk?
Each of these English words have this vowel feature:
light, sound, place
(and these words do not have it: lit, sand, please)
What is a diphthong?
In the creole continuum, a basilect is the variety most different from the standard lexifier language. The form that approaches the standard is known by this name.
What is an acrolect?
This is the year that the USSR disintegrated and its 15 republics became independent countries.
What is 1991?
Emblematic of the controversy around naming places, these are the two languages of origin of the contested spelling of Ukraine's capital, Kyiv or Kiev.
What are Ukrainian and Russian, respectively?
In lecture, we watched Lee Tanouchi rap. He’s also a poet. Here’s a poem from him:
Grandma axes my friends wit Okinawan last names.
I dunno why, cuz she always gets diasppointed
when dey tell Pālolo.
This is the contact language in which Lee Tanouchi raps, writes, and speaks in.
What is "Hawai’ian Pidgin", or Hawaiian Creole?