Anth 101
This subdiscipline studies humans and human societies through their cultural beliefs, practices, and ways of life.
What is cultural anthropology?
This term refers to the learned and shared beliefs, behaviors, values, knowledge, and practices of a group of people.
What is culture?
This anthropologist is associated with the idea of cultural evolutionism and the study of religion as a progression from “primitive” to “civilized” forms.
Who is E. B. Tylor?
The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning between words, such as the difference between /p/ and /b/, is called this.
What is a phoneme?
In this form of descent, people trace their ancestry through their father's line.
What is patrilineal descent?
This anthropological approach examines human beings as biological, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological organisms rather than studying only one aspect of humanity.
What is holism?
The lifelong process through which people learn the norms, values, behaviors, and worldview of their own culture is called this.
What is enculturation?
This anthropologist conducted famous ethnographic research in the Trobriand Islands and became associated with functionalism and participant-observation.
Who is Bronislaw Malinowski?
The smallest meaningful unit of language is called this; it can be a complete word or part of a word, such as “-ed” in “walked.”
What is a morpheme?
Marriage outside one's own social group, such as one's clan, is called this.
What is exogamy?
These are the four major subdisciplines of anthropology.
What are cultural anthropology, archaeology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology?
An anthropologist temporarily sets aside their own cultural assumptions and tries to understand another culture according to its own standards. This approach is called this.
What is cultural relativism?
This anthropologist challenged cultural evolutionism and emphasized that cultures must be understood through their own particular histories.
Who is Franz Boas?
The ability of humans to create and understand an essentially unlimited number of novel sentences is one characteristic that distinguishes human language.
What is productivity/creativity?
In this marriage system, one woman has multiple husbands.
What is polyandry?
This branch of anthropology uses anthropological knowledge to address practical problems such as public health, education, development, or environmental issues.
What is applied anthropology?
Horace Miner's Body Ritual Among the Nacirema uses this strategy by describing familiar American behaviors as though they belonged to a strange and exotic culture.
What is “making the familiar strange”?
This anthropologist's work helped establish interpretive anthropology and emphasized understanding culture through symbols and meaning.
Who is Clifford Geertz?
A bilingual speaker moves between two languages depending on who they are speaking with or what social situation they are in. Sociolinguists call this behavior this.
What is code-switching?
An anthropologist lives with the people they are studying, participates in everyday activities, and observes social life firsthand. This is the classic ethnographic method known as this.
What is participant-observation?
An anthropologist studying how climate change affects a community might examine its economy, religious beliefs, migration patterns, health, language, and relationship to the environment. This example demonstrates anthropology's commitment to this approach.
What is holism?
An anthropologist describes not only what people do but also the cultural meanings, motivations, and context surrounding their behavior. Clifford Geertz called this approach ______.
What is thick description?
This anthropologist's research among adolescents in Samoa challenged assumptions about which aspects of human behavior were universal versus culturally shaped.
Who is Margaret Mead?
The idea that the language people speak influences how they perceive, categorize, or think about the world is known as this hypothesis.
What is linguistic relativity (the Whorf hypothesis)?
Before conducting research involving human subjects, anthropologists generally must obtain this ethical approval, and researchers must also explain the study and obtain participants' agreement to participate.
What are Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and informed consent?