Intro
In voyages of discovery this group of people were seen as "natural slaves" and "denied" entry to the kingdom of god.
What are Indigenous people?
In Marxist Theory, this transitional phase occurs after workers seize the means of production, leading to a classless society
What is the dictatorship of the proletariat?
The way Franz Boas viewed cultures
Viewed cultures as existing in the mind, particular, diverse, and equally valid
Durkheim argued that these beliefs and behaviors exist beyond individuals and shape society
What are social facts?
This theory consists of an interest in making cross cultural generalizations about the drivers of cultural change
What is cultural neoevolutionism?
This concept rose out of the scientific revolution
What is the rise of scientific epistemologies and knowledge branches?
This 19th-century lawyer studied the Iroquois, was adopted by a tribe, and advocated for land allotments
Who is Lewis Henry Morgan?
The definition of cultural relativism
What is the importance of understanding each society through its own unique historical and local conditions and avoiding ethnocentrism?
This theoretical approach, linked to Radcliff-Brown, views society like a living organism with interdependent parts
What is structural functionalism?
These two ideas helped to shape cognitive anthropology
What are Boasian cultural relativism and Kenneth Pike's concepts of emic vs etic?
The kind of logic that was used during the age of enlightenment
What is secular logic was used though most still believed in god?
This foundational anthropological distinction refers to kinship systems where decent and property pass through either the mother's or father's line
The theory Alfred Krober rejected
What is the great man theory? (Believed Darwin and others were well positioned to make discoveries)
Influenced by Marx, Max Fluckman argues that these symbolic acts help resolve, not ignite, social tension
What is rituals of rebellion?
This is the approach Julian Steward adopted
What is nomothetic approach to culture?
The name of Auguste Comte's ideas that the final true stage of scholarly analysis is positive or objective
What is postivism?
Unlike this "armchair anthropologist", Lewis Henry Morgan conducted fieldwork with the Iroquois
Ruth Benedict's argument in Patterns of Culture
According to Levi-Strauss women often act as cultural mediators between kin groups in what system of thought?
What is binary oppostion theory?
This is the Boasain idea that Marvin Harris challenged
What is historical particularism?
The time period where secular questioning of the medieval Catholic Church and social analysis take place
What is The Renaissance?
This theory rooted in racist hereditarianism, claims inventions spread from a single origin and diluted across less "advanced" societies
What is diffusionism?
This was the first black student at Barnard College who later began anthropology under Boas
Who is Zora Neale Hurston?
Marshal Sahlin's theory argues that cultural beliefs shape how societies value goods
What is substantives economic theory?
This is the model Lewis Binford argued to use for Processual Archaeology
What is the Hypothetico-Deductive Model?