General
Name the two branches of Anthropology.
Physical & Cultural
What is primatology?
Study of primates/monkeys
Who discovered Lucy?
Donald Johanson
What is cultural Anthrpology?
explores how culture shaped the way people lives in the past and how they live in the world today
What is a school of thought?
A perspective, a viewpoint, a certain way of interpreting a discipline’s subject matter that has become widely credible
What are the 3 branches of physical Anthropology?
Paleoanthropology, primatology, human variation
Who is Lucy?
Were the remains of a female that was part of a new human species Australopithecus Afarensis that walked upright (new discovery)
First person to provide evidence of human African Origins
Raymond Dart
What are the branches of cultural anthropology?
Ethnography, Linguistic Anthropology and Archaeology
What are the 5 Anthropological Schools of thought?
Cultural Relativism, Cultural Materialism, Functional Theory, Feminist Anthropology, Postmodernism
What is physical Anthrpology?
Strives to understand the physical and biological nature of human beings
When was Lucy said to walk the earth?
Who used radiometric dating, started the school of primatology and mentored the trimates?
The Leakey Family
What is the word to describe how we can enact biological change through genetic engineering, which operates at an astonishing pace in comparison to natural selection?
Neo-evolution
What is feminist Anthropology?
How cultures determine gender roles, understand gender myths and how our ideas about gender are culturally constructed
What is paleoanthropology?
Bone & stone remains of ancient ancestors from millions of years ago
What are some specifically human characteristics that separate us from primates?
Bipedalism, spoken language and symbols, longest infant dependency, live in groups but mate in pairs, complex thought and reflection
What is the importance of Franz Boas?
Considered most influential anthropologist, first to implement the scientific method into study of human cultures/societies, Argued against previous dominant anthro thought that society progressed in linear fashion (barbarism > savagery > civilization), Argued world was full of separate cultures - each with unique perspective, insights, deficiencies, Coined cultural relativism
What was Charles Darwin studying when he stated: how wide was the difference between savage and civilized man: it is greater than between a wild and domesticated animal... Viewing such men, one can hardly make one's self believe that they are fellow-creatures, and inhabitants of the same world.
Native Americans in South America
What is the difference between functional theory and postmodernism?
Functional: The idea that every belief, action, or relationship in a culture functions to meet the needs of individuals. Everything is interconnected
Postmodernism: Postmodernism is the belief that it is impossible to have any “true” knowledge about the world.
What is the muscle on your wrist and being able to wiggle your ears examples of
What are some things that make humans similar to primates?
long infant dependency, bond between mothers/infants, dominance hierarchies, grooming on another, communication through facial expressions, touch, vocalizations and body language, rotating forearms, grasping hands and feet, forward-facing eyes and relatively larger brains
Who are the trimates and what did each of them study?
Birute Galdikas: Culture in Ginger-haired orangutans
Jane Goodall: Tool use in Chimps
Dian Fossey: Protecting Gorillas from Poachers
What is the difference between Universalism and Ethnocentrism?
Universalism: View that all people today are fully and equally human
Ethnocentrism: Belief that other people of other cultures are different and inferior in intelligence, physical attractiveness, customs and morals
What is the difference between cultural relativism and cultural materialism?
Relativism: To view in a variety of perspectives of cultures rather than centering around one
Materialism: Materials or conditions within the environment play the primary role in shaping a society