Culture
What is culture?
A) A type of government
B) Shared beliefs, values, and behaviors of a group
C) A genetic trait passed down
D) A language system only
B) Shared beliefs, values, and behaviors of a group
Who helped discover early human fossils in East Africa?
A) Franz Boas
B) Louis Leakey
C) Clifford Geertz
D) Émile Durkheim
B) Louis Leakey
Which primate species is most closely related to humans genetically?
A) Orangutans
B) Gorillas
C) Chimpanzees
D) Gibbons
C) Chimpanzees
What is evolution?
A) A sudden change in weather
B) The change in species over time
C) The study of rocks
D) The movement of planets
B) The change in species over time
Food in anthropology is mainly studied as part of:
A) Weather patterns
B) Culture and daily life
C) Animal behavior only
D) Political systems only
B) Culture and daily life
Socialization is the process where:
A) People learn how to behave in society
B) Humans evolve physically over time
C) Cultures mix and disappear
D) People create new governments
A) People learn how to behave in society
Who studied mountain gorillas in Rwanda?
A) Dian Fossey
B) Jane Goodall
C) Clifford Geertz
D) Mary Leakey
A) Dian Fossey
Which trait is most important when primates are studied in anthropology?
A) Color of fur
B) Social behavior and group structure
C) Speed of movement
D) Diet only
B) Social behavior and group structure
Which scientist is most associated with the theory of evolution by natural selection?
A) Isaac Newton
B) Charles Darwin
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Albert Einstein
B) Charles Darwin
Which factor most strongly influences why certain staple foods develop in a region?
A) Celebrity influence
B) Environmental conditions and available resources
C) Random selection by communities
D) Government fashion trends
B) Environmental conditions and available resources
Cultural diffusion refers to:
A) The loss of cultural identity
B) The spread of ideas, behaviors, or practices between cultures
C) The creation of isolated societies
D) The study of ancient bones
B) The spread of ideas, behaviors, or practices between cultures
Who studied chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National Park?
A) Dian Fossey
B) Jane Goodall
C) Louis Leakey
D) Donald Johanson
B) Jane Goodall
Which marine animal is known for complex “songs” that can travel long distances underwater?
A) Orca (killer whale)
B) Dolphin
C) Humpback whale
D) Seal
C) Humpback whale
Natural selection works mainly by favoring organisms that:
A) Are the largest in size
B) Have traits that help them survive and reproduce
C) Live the longest regardless of traits
D) Change their DNA on purpose
B) Have traits that help them survive and reproduce
The Columbian Exchange is important in food anthropology because it:
A) Ended all traditional foods
B) Spread foods between the Old and New Worlds
C) Only affected Europe
D) Had no impact on diets
B) Spread foods between the Old and New Worlds
A subculture is best described as:
A) A completely separate civilization
B) A group within a larger culture that has its own shared identity and norms
C) A culture that no longer exists
D) A government system within a country
B) A group within a larger culture that has its own shared identity and norms
Who is known for developing cultural relativism in early anthropology?
A) Clifford Geertz
B) Franz Boas
C) Louis Leakey
D) Donald Johanson
B) Franz Boas
Which primate is known for having the closest social bonding behaviors to humans, including long grooming sessions and complex alliances?
A) Chimpanzee
B) Orangutan
C) Baboon
D) Lemur
A) Chimpanzee
What is a mutation in evolutionary biology?
A) A planned change in an organism
B) A random change in DNA that can affect traits
C) A type of reproduction
D) A species becoming extinct
B) A random change in DNA that can affect traits
Why do anthropologists analyze traditional food systems rather than only modern diets?
A) Traditional diets are always healthier
B) Modern diets have no cultural value
C) Traditional food systems reveal how environment, economy, and history shape survival strategies
D) Modern food systems are too simple to study
C) Traditional food systems reveal how environment, economy, and history shape survival strategies
Which statement best explains why culture is learned?
A) Humans are born with full cultural knowledge
B) Culture is passed genetically
C) People acquire culture through interaction, observation, and teaching
D) Culture only exists in school settings
C) People acquire culture through interaction, observation, and teaching
Who discovered the famous early human skeleton “Lucy”?
A) Donald Johanson
B) Jane Goodall
C) Bronisław Malinowski
D) Mary Leakey
A) Donald Johanson
Which species is known for matriarch-led social structure and long-term memory affecting migration routes?
A) African elephant
B) Bison
C) Rhinoceros
D) Wildebeest
A) African elephant
Which idea best explains why humans and chimpanzees share many traits?
A) Humans evolved directly from chimpanzees
B) Chimpanzees are becoming human over time
C) They share a recent common ancestor
D) They adapted the same way independently with no relation
C) They share a recent common ancestor
Which anthropological idea explains why some cultures consider insects a normal food source while others avoid them completely?
A) Biological evolution of taste
B) Cultural taboos and learned food preferences
C) Random food availability
D) Genetic differences between populations
B) Cultural taboos and learned food preferences