Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver usually caused by Viruses. It also can be caused by alcohol, medications, chemicals, autoimmune diseases and metabolic problems.
Hepatitis
The most common causes of cirrhosis in the United States are____________, and _____________.
Chronic hepatitis C and alcohol induced liver disease
The most common cause of pancreatitis is gallbladder disease (gallstones). The second most common cause is___________________________.
Chronic alcohol abuse
This diagnostic test allows for visualization of the gallbladder, cystic duct, common hepatic duct, ad common bile duct.
ERCP
The occurrence of acute liver failure is most common in which situation.
a. an individual with hepatitis Ab. an individual with hepatitis C
c. Anti-hypertensive medication used. Use of acetaminophen with alcohol use
D
The sources of infection for this type of hepatitis is blood and blood products, needles and syringes, sexual activity with infected partners.
Hepatitis C
The liver plays a vital role in the metabolism of hormones such as ____________ and __________.
Estrogen and testosterone
_______________ is the main manifestation of acute pancreatitis and is due to distention of the pancreas, peritoneal irritation, and obstruction of the biliary tract.
Abdominal pain
The most common disorder of the biliary system is______________(stones in the gallbladder). ________________ is inflammation of the gallbladder.
Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis
The nurse is instructing a client with chronic pancreatitis on measures to prevent further attacks. What information should be provided (select all that apply)?
a. avoid nicotine, b. eat bland foods, c. observe stools for steatorrhea, d. eat high fat, low protein, high carbohydrates meals, e. take prescribed pancreatic enzymes immediately following meals.
A, B, C
This type of hepatitis incubation period is 15-50 days. The source of infection could be contaminated food, milk water or shellfish.
Hepatitis A
A common finding in alcoholic cirrhosis that is probably due to a dietary deficiency of thiaminie, folic acid, and cobalamin.
Peripheral Neuropathy
Areas of ecchymoses in the flank area with a bluish discoloration is known as _______________ and in the periumbilical area is known as __________________.
Grey Turner's spots or sign and Cullen's sign
__________________is the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones. In this procedure, the gallbladder is removed through 1 to 4 small punctures in the abdomen.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Priority Decision: The patient has hepatic encephalopathy. What is priority nursing intervention to keep the patient safe?
a. Turn the patient every 2 hours, b. Encourage increasing ambulation, c. assist the patient to the bathroom, d. Prevent constipation to reduce ammonia production.
C. assist the patient to the bathroom
This results from a change in normal bilirubin metabolism or disruption of the flow of bile into the hepatic or biliary duct systems.
Jaundice
This is characterized by increased venous pressure in the portal circulation, splenomegaly, large collateral veins, ascites, nd gastric and esophageal varices.
Portal hypertension,
The primary diagnostic test for acute pancreatitis are: _____________________ and ______________.
Amylase and lipase.
Of the following characteristics, identify those that are most commonly associated with cholelithiasis (select all that apply:
a. obesity, b. age over 40, c. multiparous female, d. history of excessive alcohol intake, e. family history of gallbladder disease, f. use of estrogen or oral contraceptives
A, B, C, E, F
The patient being treated with diuretics for ascites from cirrhosis must be monitored for (select all that apply)
a. GI bleeding, b. Hypokalemia, c. Renal function, D. Body image disturbances, e. Increased clotting tendencies
B and C
The only definitive way to distinguish among the types of viral hepatitis is by testing is by_____________.
Testing the patient's blood for the specific antigen or antibody.
Various skin manifestations often occur with cirrhosis one is small, dilated blood vessels with a bright red center point with branches.
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
Spider angiomas
Two significant local complications of acute pancreatitis are __________________ and ____________.
pseudocyst and abscess
Acalculous cholecystitis is diagnosed i an older, critically ill patient. Which factors may be associated with this condition (select all that apply)?
a. fasting, b. hypothyroidism, c. parenteral nutrition, d. prolonged immobility, e. Streptococcus pneumoniae, f. absence of bile in the intestine
A, C, D,
What laboratory test results should the nurse expect to find in a patient with cirrhosis?
a. Serum albumin: 7.0 g/dL
B. Total bilirubin: 3.32 mg/dL
C. Serum cholesterol: 260 mg.dL
D. Aspartate aminotrasferase (AST): 6.0 U/L
B