Uses & Action
Nitroglycerin given sublingually is used to treat this
What is an acute anginal attack?
A very common side effect of nitrates caused by vasodilation
What is headache?
Nitrates are contraindicated in patients with this hematologic disorder
What is severe anemia?
Vital signs that must be closely monitored with nitrate therapy
What are heart rate and blood pressure?
Patients should avoid sudden position changes to prevent this
What is hypotension or dizziness?
Nitrates decrease chronic stable exertional angina by this mechanism
What is dilate veins & decrease preload to decrease O2 demand?
Blood pressure drop with position changes
What is orthostatic hypotension?
Grapefruit increases levels of this antianginal medication
What is ranolazine?
A beta blocker or calcium channel blocker is used to treat this nitrate side effect
What is reflex tachycardia?
Long‑acting nitrates require this many drug‑free hours per day
What is 8–12 hours?
Nitrates decrease variate angina by this mechanism
What is prevent or reduce coronary artery spasm & increase O2 supply?
Increased heart rate following nitrate administration
What is reflex tachycardia?
Ranolazine is contraindicated in ventricular dysrhythmias & ECG changes such as
What is ventricular tachycardia & prolonged QT?
IV nitroglycerin must be administered using tubing from this & using this kind of bottle
What is tubing from manufacturer & glass IV bottle
The steps for using sublingual nitroglycerin at the onset of anginal attacks are
What is stop activity, place 1 tablet under tongue & allow it to dissolve, rest 5min, if pain still not relieved, take 2nd tablet & call 911, after another 5min, if pain still not relieved, take a 3rd tablet?
Oral ER, transdermal, & topical nitrates & ranolazine are used for this type of angina management
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What is long‑term prophylaxis of angina?
A life‑threatening ECG change associated with ranolazine
What is QT prolongation?
These drugs combined with nitrates can cause life‑threatening hypotension
What are PDE‑5 inhibitors?
IV administration should be done using this rate & titrated until ____ or for a max of _____
What is continuous infusion at slow rate of 5mcg/min and titrated slowly until desired response or for a max of 2mcg/min?
Ranolazine tablets should never be handled this way
What is crushing or chewing tablets?
Ranolazine decreases angina by this mechanism
What is lower cardiac O2 demand, improve exercise tolerance, & decrease pain?
Ranolazine can increase blood pressure by approximately this amount
What is 15 mmHg?
Alcohol increases this nitrate adverse effect
What is hypotension?
Baseline testing required before initiating ranolazine therapy
What is an ECG (and digoxin level if applicable)?
Patients should immediately report these 3 manifestations of prolonged QT
What is chest pain, palpitations, & dyspnea?