Beta-Lactams
In what disease or disease state would you want to be extremely cautious with using Carbapenems, especially Imipenem?
Epilepsy/Seizures
Extended interval dosing is a strategy to reduce what common concern of Aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxicity
What Macrolide is not an inhibitor of CYP3A4?
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
What antibiotic is used for prophylaxis against opportunistic infections?
What antibiotic has a black boxed warning for C. difficile?
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
What Carbapenem does not cover any species of enterococcus?
Ertapenem (Invanz)
Which Quinolone does not reach adequate concentrations in urine and should not be used to treat UTIs?
Moxifloxacin (Avelox)
What macrolide is commonly used for the treatment of H. pylori?
Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
What is the recommended length of therapy for Bactrim DS in uncomplicated UTIs?
3 days
Linezolid (Zyvox) is an inhibitor of what enzyme found in the human body?
MAO (Monoamine Oxidase)
What is the drug of choice for syphilis?
Penicillin G Benzathine (Bicillin L-A)
What is the mechanism of action for Aminoglycosides?
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 30s subunit of the ribosome
In what three patient populations/scenarios should Tetracyclines be avoided due to risk of suppressed bone growth/development and permanent teeth discoloration?
Children < 8 y/o, pregnancy, and breastfeeding
What antibiotic is available as a granule packet and is used treat UTIs with one dose?
Bactrim can result in false elevations of what laboratory value?
Serum creatinine (due to inhibition of tubular secretion of creatinine)
What Cephalosporin is the only Beta-Lactam antibiotic to cover MRSA?
Ceftaroline (Teflaro)
What are the three "respiratory quinolones"?
Levofloxacin (Levaquin), Moxifloxacin (Avelox), Gemifloxacin (Factive)
What indication for Erythromycin is not related its antibacterial properties?
Diabetic Gastroparesis
What antibiotic had its oral formulation discontinued in 1991, and is limited in use, due to adverse effects such as Gray syndrome and aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol
What are the three antibiotics used to treat C. difficile infections?
What protein modification is responsible for Methicillin resistance? (Hint: not due to a Beta-Lactamase)
PBP2 --> PBP2a (Penicillin Binding Protein - responsible for cross-linking peptidoglycan precursors)
Ciprofloxacin is a strong inhibitor of what CYP enzyme? (Hint: this can lead to an increase in caffeine or theophylline levels)
CYP1A2
Minocycline can induce what disease state?
Lupus Erythematosus
What antibiotic can be used as an adjunct therapy in treating hepatic encephalopathy?
What pulmonary condition can occur with Daptomycin therapy?
Eosinophilic pneumonia