General
MIC stands for
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration - the lowest concentration of drug at which bacteria are inhibited (stopped) from growing
Name 3 drugs in the penicillin group of antimicrobials
Ampicillin, amoxicillin, Penicillin, Cloxacillin etc
List 2 drugs in the fluoroquinolone category
Marbofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Orbifloxacin
What antimicrobial is also effective against protozoa such as giardia?
Metronidazole
Which group of antimicrobials does doxycycline belong in?
Tetracycline - Doxycycline is used for treatment in lyme disease + tick borne diseases, respiratory infections
Which group of antimicrobials is most likely to cause an hypersensitivity/allergic reaction?
Penicillins
Name 2 drugs in the cephalosporin group
Cephalexin (used for pyoderma), cephodoxime, cefovecin
List 2 common side effects of aminoglycoside antimicrobials
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
What complication can occur giving tetracyclines to a pregnant animal?
May cause discoloured teeth
Erythromycin belongs to which group of antimicrobials
Macrolides
Bactericidal means..
Kills bacteria
What type of adverse reaction is most commonly observed when penicillins are administered to rabbits?
Severe diarrhea
List 2 potentially harmful side effects of administering fluroquinolones such as enrofloxacin (Baytril) and marbofloxacin (Zeniquin)
Damage to growing cartilage
Retinal damage in cats
List 3 antifungal agents
Griseofulvin, Ketoconazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole
Clindamycin belongs to which antimicrobial group?
Lincosamides (used for deep skin infections, dental disease)
Bacteriostatic means...
Inhibit growth, but not actually killing bacteria
Ex: Tetracycline, doxycycline
Penicillins are excreted by the...
Kidneys
What fluoroquinolone is safest for rabbits (less likely to kill normal gut flora which would cause diarrhea)
Baytril (enrofloxacin)
Which antimicrobial should be avoided in all food-producing animals?
Chloramphenicol
Aplastic anemia is a condition caused by administration or ingestion of ____________, an anti-infective agent that is banned in food producing animals
Chloramphenicol
List 3 mechanisms of actions for antimicrobials
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis (penicillins, cephalosporins)
Impairment of cell membrane function
Inhibit protein synthesis (tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides)
Inhibit DNA synthesis (quinolones, metronidazole)
Inhibit folic acid (sulfonamides)
What beta lactam inhibitor is added to amoxicillin improving its effectiveness?
Clavulanate/Clavulanic acid
What aminoglycoside is most likely to cause damage to the ear?
Gentamicin
Griseofulvin targets what type of microbe?
FUNGUS! Dermatophytes
Which group of antimicrobials has the following potential side effects:
keratoconjunctivitis sicca, polyarthritis, hematuria, hypothyroidism, photosensitivity
Sulfonamides