The Principle Thing
When should the nurse obtain specimens for culture?
Prior to treatment with antimicrobials
Name two types of antibiotics that destroy cell walls.
PCN, cephalosporins (CEF....), and carbapenems (MEROPENEM)
Name two of the antibiotics that prevent or prohibit protein synthesis.
tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides
Name a sulfonamide and a complication associated with it.
sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole
hypersensitivity, crystalluria, kernicterus (increased jaundice/bilirubin in infants
The most common ending for antiviral medication is
-vir
Name one of the selective or broad-spectrum anti-tuberculosis medications
Isoniazid, rifapentine, ethambutol
rifampin
Define narrow-spectrum antibiotics
only a few types of bacteria are sensitive
Complications associated with PCN
Renal impairment, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias, hypernatremia
Name a tetracycline and a complication associated with it.
doxycycline, minocycline, demecycline
tooth discoloration, GI discomfort, hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity, suprainfection, dizziness
Interaction: milk and iron products, laxatives with Mg, and antacids-reduces absorption of tetracycline. oral contraceptives and digoxin toxicity.
Name a urinary tract antiseptic and a complication associated with it.
nitrofurantoin
GI, hypersensitivity, peripheral neuropathy
Contraindication: older adults with renal impairment
Antiretroviral medications treat ________.
HIV, AIDS
The main complication of rifampin
Orange-colored body fluids
Define broad-spectrum antibiotics
a wide variety of bacteria are sensitive
Complications associated with cephalosporins
cross-sensitivity, bleeding tendencies, thrombophlebitis with infusion, renal insufficiency
Name a macrolide and a complication associated with it.
erythromycin, azithromycin
GI, Prolonged QT intervals, ototoxicity
Interactions: inhibits metabolism of theophylline, warfarin, and digoxin.
Name a fluoroquinolone and a complication associated with it.
ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin
GI, Achilles tendon rupture, suprainfection, phototoxicity
Interactions- antacids, sucralfate, and dairy products increase absorption of ciprofloxacin
warfarin= increased plasma levels
The most common antiretroviral medication for the treatment of HIV is
zidovudine
Metronidazole's therapeutic use is
The treatment of protozoal infections like H pylori, C-Diff, trichomoniasis
Makes urine dark
Why are sulfonamides, gentamicin, and tetracycline contraindicated in pregnancy?
Will harm the fetus by crossing the placenta
Complications associated with carbapenems
cross-sensitivity, GI upset, suprainfection
Name an aminoglycoside and a complication associated with it.
gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin, streptomycin
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, muscle weakness
Interactions: PCN will inactivate aminoglycosides when in the same IV solution, concurrent administration with other ototoxic drugs increases ototoxicity.
Name a urinary tract analgesic and a complication associated with it.
phenazopyridine
Contraindication- AKI, chronic kidney disease
Education- changes urine color to orange and will stain clothes
The therapeutic (what it can treat) uses of antiviral medication are (list 2)
genital herpes, shingles, flu, HIV
Miconazole, fluconazole, nystatin, and amphotericin B are examples of _______.
Anti-fungals
contraindicated in nursing mommas, use a filter when administering to prevent infusion of precipitate (crystals)
When contributing to the plan of care for a client, which of the following is the priority?
administer antibiotic medication, obtain wound specimens, monitor for suprainfection, or reinforce wound care teaching
obtain a wound culture
What is the most important education to give a client on antimicrobial therapy?
To complete the entire course of therapy, even if manifestations resolve.
When do I measure the peak and trough of aminoglycosides?
Peak- 1 hour after administration
Trough- right before the next dose
Indications of the effectiveness of therapy
Decrease in manifestations of UTI, negative urine cultures, no evidence of suprainfection
precautions associated with antiviral medication
GI- administer with food
increase fluid intake
begin therapy with the onset of symptoms
List 2 antiviral medications
acyclovir, ganciclovir, oseltamivir, interferon alfa-2b