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200

The lowest drug concentration that inhibits bacterial growth

What is minimum inhibitory concentration?

200
Inhibit penicillin-binding proteins responsible for building the bacterial cell wall

What are beta-lactams?

200

Aminoglycosides, FQ, and metronidazole are examples of ___-dependent antibiotics.

What is concentration-dependent antibiotics?

200

Gram positive aerobes and anaerobes

What is penicillin?
200

In addition to tetanus antitoxin and supportive care, this antibiotic is often given. 

What is penicillin?

400

Inhibitory antimicrobial concentrations are not safely attainable in the patient

What is resistant?

400

Bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and changes cell membrane permeability which can lead to cell death

What are aminoglycosides/tetracyclines?

400

This class is notorious for causing tendonitis and should be reserved for multi-drug resistant infections in most cases. 

What are fluoroquinolones?

400

Gram-positive/negative, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia spp and some protozoa (Haemobartonella, Anaplasma spp.)

What are tetracyclines?

400

Treatment for Rhodococcus Equi.

Rifampin + Azithromycin/Clarithomycin

600

The concentration that determines if an antibiotic is susceptible, intermediate, or resistant

What is breakpoint?
600

Inhibits the folic acid pathway

What is sulfonamides, trimethoprim or dapsone?

600

Class of drug that can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

What are aminoglycosides?

600

Extended spectrum of activity, including gram-negative except for MRSA and resistant E. faecium

What are carbapenems?

600

Treatment Options for Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis. 

1. Ponazuril (Marquis®)

2. Pyrimethamine with Sulfadiazine

3. Diclazuril 

4. Levamisole/decoquinate

800

This describes the effect that is greater than the sum of individual components. An example is using beta lactams and aminoglycosides together. 

What is synergy?

800

Inhibits bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase

What are fluoroquinolones?

800

Excede is this generation of cephalosporin.

What is a 3rd-generation cephalosporin?

800

Staphylococci, streptococci, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium spp., Rhodococcus equi, Lawsonia intracellularis, Mycoplasma spp., and Chlamydia spp.

What are macrolides?

800

Recommended antibiotic treatment if any for respiratory streptococcus equi. (Strangles) 

Antibiotics are usually contraindicated as they can cause bacteria to "hide" and prolong clearance and recovery. Antibiotics (penicillin, ceftiofur) used only for complicated or severe cases.

1000

Its acronym is name of the two letter name of now ancient audio form, this refers to the unintended consequences of antibiotic use.

What is collateral damage?

1000

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal subunits leading to inhibition of peptidyl transferase and thereby preventing the transfer of amino acids to growing peptide chains. Its avoided in humans due to this risk. (2 parter)

What is chloramphenicol?

1000

Describe the coverage of activity from 1st generation to 3rd generation cephalosporins. 

What is gram positive to broader gram negative coverage?

1000

Excellent anaerobic activity. Use is generally combined with penicillin and gentamicin for broad spectrum coverage where anaerobes are suspected to be contributing (pleuropneumonia, peritonitis). Indicated in cases where Bacteroides spp. may be involved.

What is metronidazole?

1000

Random time: Also an alliteration name the first three cranial nerves by number. 

I: Olfactory 

II: Optic 

III: Oculomotor 

1200

The effect that occurs after the drug concentration has decreased below the MIC but bacterial growth remains suppressed

What is postantibiotic effect?

1200

Acts as cationic detergent and damages the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane leading to leakage and cellular death. Used primarily for endotoxaemia. 

What is polymyxin B?

1200

Name 2 classes that are generally considered bacteriostatic.

- Macrolides

- Clindamycin

- Sulphonamides

- Trimethoprim

- Tetracyclines 

- Chloramphenicol

1200

Mycobacterium species and S. aureus, Haemophilus, and R. equi

What is rifampin?

1200

An antibiotic used for sepsis in foals. This is its mechanism, generation, coverage, activity (bacteriostatic/cidal) and things to monitor. 

Beta lactam (cell wall inhibitor). 3rd generation. Broad spectrum (staph, strep, gram + anaerobes, , gram - HNPEK). Bacteriocidal. GI (colic), diarrhea, rash/allergic reactions, renal, LFTs.