Instruments
Ancient instrument associated with Dionysus
Aulos
The primitive form of musical notation
Neumes
First female composer, had visions from God
Hildegard von Bingen
Collection of the first organum
Magnus Liber Organi
Added to chant notation to indicate where the note "F" was
The Red Line
Ancient instrument associated with the god Apollo
Lyre
First form of polyphony
Organum
The first musical pedagogue
Guido D'Arezzo
A treatise on the subject of scales, intervals, and other musical elements
Elements of Harmony
The first form of written language developed in Mesopotamia
Cuneiform
Name of a collection of instruments in the same family group
Consort
A series of four notes within the span of a perfect fourth
Tetrachord
Earliest known composer of polyphonic chant, credited with compiling the Magnus Liber Organi
Leonin
Collection of Gregorian chants gathered by the monks of the Solesmes Monastary
Liber Usualis
A technique developed by Guido D'Arezzo where a certain note was assigned to each knuckle on a hand.
Guidonian Hand
Capped double-reed instrument from the medieval period
Crumhorn
Clausulae
First Music Theorist
Pythagoras
Musical treatise on how to read and teach neumes
Micrologus
Latin for "New Art," meter and key developed during this time. A development of hockets and harmonic changes
Ars Nova
An elongated instrument with an animal head at the bell, used in battle to intimidate opposing forces
Carnyx
Used in early notation to express the length of a note
Longs and Breves
Credited as one of the first people to hold a master's degree, edited the Magnus Liber Organi
Perotin
An anthology of medieval poetry and songs. In 1935, Carl Orff composed a cantata of the same name based on the collection.
Carmina Burana
A single fixed rhythmic pattern typically long and complex which is reiterated throughout the whole of a sung voice part
Isorhythms