Diagnostic Criteria
Phobia refers to a group of anxiety symptoms brought on by certain objects or situations. T or F?
True
The fight or flight response is the basis of the what reaction?
Anxiety reaction
What are the 4 groups that the symptoms can be broken into?
Affective, Behavioural, Cognitive, Somatic
What type of therapy is used in biological treatment?
Biomedical therapy
How many types of therapy are there in psychological treatment?
4
Crying, tantrums, freezing, or clinging.
What was the purpose of the PET scans carried out by Ahs et al?
To obtain images of brain activity during the exposure.
What is the textbook definition of a phobia?
an extreme, irrational fear of a specific object or situation
What medication enhances the effectiveness of GABA?
Benzodiazepines
What is the best known approach to psychological treatment?
Systematic desensitization
What criteria may be absent in children?
Being able to recognize that the fear is excessive or unreasonable
Which researcher conducted the twin studies and in what year was it conducted?
Skre et al. (2000)
Which researcher compared African and Caucasian Americans with regard to the types of specific phobia experienced?
Chapman et al. (2008)
What is biomedical therapy?
medication and awareness/self-regulation of physiological arousal
Individual therapy, virtual reality therapy, cognitive therapy, and group therapy
Individuals under what age, has to have the duration of fear for at least how many months?
Individuals under 18 with duration of fear for at least 6 months.
What are the 5 types of phobias?
Animal, natural environment, blood-injection injury, situational, and other types
What is the Beck and Emery Model?
Negative views about the world -> Negative views about the future -> Negative view about oneself.
What are the side-effects of benzodiazepines?
drowsiness, sexual difficulties, and an increase in aggression and irritability
What is In Vivo exposure?
real life exposure to stimulus
Correct!
What are the 2 weaknesses of the biological etiology?
- Researchers tend to study animal phobias whereas situational phobias are more common
- More research is needed to discover if there are biological similarities among different phobic types
What is the appraisal theory?
theory in psychology that emotions are extracted from our evaluations of events that cause specific reactions in different people.
What is anxiety?
an emotion characterized by feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes
What are the pros and cons of psychological treatment?
Pros: More effective, long-term, no side-effects, treats the cause
Cons: time consuming, can expensive