Skin & Hair
The two main components of the cutaneous membrane.
What are the epidermis and dermis?
Protein pigment composed of two molecules of amino acid, tyrosine, with the primary function of protecting keratinocyte DNA from mutations induced by UV radiation.
What is melanin?
The two basic types of glands derived from epidermal cells and located deeper in the dermis.
What are sweat (sudoriferous) and sebaceous glands?
6) support.
What are the functions of skeletal system?
The metabolically active bones cells in the periosteum and endosteum responsible for bone deposition.
What are osteoblasts?
The accessory structures of the integumentary system.
What are the sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, and nails?
Reduction of vitamin D synthesis in response to UV radiation.
What is the secondary function of melanin?
Eccrine, apocrine, ceruminous, and mammary.
What are the four types of sweat glands?
Loose connective tissue that supports islands of blood-forming hematopoietic cells that decreases with age vs. storage site for triglycerides, blood vessels, and adipocytes.
What is red bone marrow vs. yellow bone marrow?
Small cavities between lamellae filled with ECF.
What are lacunae?
The thin, nonpigmented hair covering nearly the entire body of a fetus that generally falls out around birth to be replaced by either terminal or vellus hair.
What is lanugo?
Area of increased pigmentation caused by local proliferation of melanocytes and not an increase in melanin synthesis.
What are moles (nevus)?
Sensory receptors embedded within in reticular layer that mainly respond to changes in pressure and vibration; have appearance resembling an onion.
What are lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles?
Bony struts of spongy bone covered by endosteum.
What are trabeculae?
The crystalline structures in the inorganic matrix that makes bone one of the hardest substances in the body; comprised of calcium and phosphorus salts.
What are hydroxyapatite crystals?
The layers of the epidermis (deepest to the most superficial).
The most common of all cancer types, arising from keratinocytes in the epidermal straum basale and first appears as a nodule with a central crater.
What is a basal cell carcinoma?
The two types of receptors that respond to/detect "light touch" and are in high concentration in the fingertips and lips.
What are Merkel cells and tactile (Meissner) corpuscles?
The fibrous covering on the surface of bone that is involved in the thickening of the bone.
What is the periosteum?
The microscopic structural unit of compact bone composed of 4-20 lamellae arranged in layered ring structures (concentric lamellae).
What is an osteon?
The result of the skin where the arrector pili muscles attach in the papillary layer contracting in response to cold or fear.
What are goosebumps/goosepimples?
Most damaging wounds caused by heat, extreme cold, electricity, chemicals, radiation; involves the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and potentially even deeper tissues that's not generally painful at first because the nerves are also destroyed.
What are third-degree (full thickness) burns?
Waxy, oily mixture of mostly lipids release by holocrine secretion that coats hair to provide it with a hydrophobic barrier, inhibiting water loss; on both hair and skin, also inhibits growth of/kills certain bacteria (re: acid mantle).
What is sebum?
Line of hyaline cartilage found in developing bones of children separating both proximal and distal epiphyses from diaphysis.
What are epiphyseal plates?
Blood vessels that originate in the periosteum and travel at right angels to central canals or neighboring osteons, connecting them to one another.
What are perforating (Volkmann's) canals?