Chapter 9
What are the three things that determine what a joint is.
1) Joints are the point where two bones meet
2)A joint’s structure will determine its mobility
3) As joint strength increases, mobility decreases
In what age group are bony joints usual seen in?
The elderly
What movement is considered an action of a muscle?
The Insertion
What element is absolutely needed for muscle contraction and what does it bind so muscle contraction can occur?
calcium and binds to the troponin
What is being shown in the image
SLIDE 1
The triad
Terminal Cisterna (x2)
Transverse tubule
What is joint allows for the most movement and is the most common in the body.
Synovial joint
what is the sac-like filled with synovial fluid that reduces friction from ligaments and tendons called ?
Bursa
What are the definitions of the three functional groups in muscles
Agonist (Prime Mover)
Antagonist
Synergist
Responsible for the Particular movement.
Opposes the movement of a particular Agonist and maintains tension to limit the action.
A smaller muscle that assists a larger agonist that helps start motion or stabilizes the origin of the agonist.
What are the three types of muscles in the human body?
Smooth muscles, Skeletal Muscle, and the Cardiac Muscle
Identify the muscles that are being shown
SLIDE 2
What is the one classifications of bony joints?
Synostosis
What indicates a joint’s flexibility or the
degrees through which a joint can move?
Range of motion
1) Movement
2) Stability
3) Control of Body Openings
and Passages
4) Heat Production
5) Glycemic Control
What is the muscle hierarchy from biggest to smallest?
Skeletal Muscle, Fascicle, Muscle Fiber, Myofibril, Sarcomere, Myofilaments
What synovial joint is being shown
SLIDE 3
Saddle joint
What are the two classifications of cartilaginous joints?
Synchondroses and Symphses
What are the three types of levers and describe them.
First class lever
-effort - fulcrum - load (scissors)
Second class lever
-effort - load - fulcrum (wheel barrow)
Third class lever
-fulcrum - effort -load (hokey stick)
What does a myogram show?
a single Excitation-Contraction-Relaxation of a muscle in a lab
What are the three types of muscle contractions and explain them.
Isometric Contraction- A muscle develops tension but does not shorten. Important for joint stability and maintaining posture.Isotonic Concentric Contraction
Isotonic Eccentric Contraction- Muscle shortens while maintaining a constant degree of tension. This results in movement of a load like lifting a weight.
Isotonic Eccentric Contraction- Muscle lengthens while maintaining tension like when you put a weight down without dropping it
What synovial joint is being shown
SLIDE 4
What are the three classifications of fibrous joints?
Sutures, Gomphoses, and Sydesmoses
What are the three axes of motion and an example for each axes.
1) Monoaxial- movement in 1 plane
- elbow joint (hinge joint)
2) Biaxial-movement in 2 planes
Knuckle joint
3) Triaxial- movement in 3 planes
shoulder and hip joint (ball and socket joint)
What covers the entire skeletal muscle
What covers a fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers)
What covers a muscle fiber (The term for a skeletal muscle cell)
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
What are the two classes of muscle fibers?
Fast-twitch Fibers: Produce powerful contractions
quickly but fatigue easily.
Slow-twitch Fibers: Slow to contract but slow to fatigue.
What is being describe in the image?
SLIDE 5
The cross bridge cycle