intro, chem, cells
what is produced by centrioles?
microtubules/ spindle fibers
what kind of cells are mesenchyme cells? where are they found on the body?
Stem cells, umbilical cord/ Wharton's jelly
bones fused together by hyaline cartilage form what kind of joint?
which term describes it's ability to move?
what is one example?
synchondroses
synarthrotic (immovable)
first rib, epiphyseal plate
what kind of ATP production is oxygen dependent?
what kind of fibers rely on this?
what kind of activities is this best for?
aerobic respiration
slow/oxidative
slow/ long term/ endurance/ distance
which neuroglia supports and braces neurons?
which neuroglia myelinates neurons in the PNS?
which neuroglia is small and thorned?
which neuroglia has a cilia-like brush border?
---what is it's function?
schwann cells
microglia
ependymal cells
--- to circulate CSF
what kind of mixture is blood? (suspension, solution, colloid)
is it homogenous?
suspension
no
what is the smallest living unit?
several similar (previous answer) work towards a common purpose in a ____
several different (previous answer) work together towards a common purpose in a ___
cell
tissue
organ
what kind of bone is in the medullary cavity?
what are the two types of marrow in this cavity and their function?
are there Haversian systems in the medullary cavity?
the layer of cells lining this cavity is called what?
spongy/trabeculated bone
red marrow- blood cell production
yellow marrow- fat storage
no
endosteum
if you try to push a tree, what kind of contraction is that?
if you successfully pick up a barbell, what kind of contraction is that?
if you struggle but the weight pulls you down, what kind of contraction is that?
isometric
concentric
eccentric
the majority of CSF is produced in the _____ ventricle(s) by the ____ _____
the ____ ventricle(s) is at the level of the diencephalon
the ____ ventricle(s) is at the level of the brainstem
lateral, choroid plexus
third
fourth
what is the most important polysaccharide in the body?
where is it stored?
glycogen
liver and skeletal muscle
which gland produces oil?
which gland produces watery sweat?
which gland produces sweat in the axillary and anogenital regions?
which gland produces earwax?
sebaceous
eccrine
apocrine
ceruminous
what is the difference between appositional and interstitial growth?
where does interstitial growth occur?
appositional = width
interstitial = length
epiphyseal plate
which protein in the sarcomere doesn't move?
which protein in the sarcomere is activated by calcium ion?
which protein in the sarcomere inhibits cross bridge formation?
which protein in the sarcomere comprises the light band?
myosin
troponin-c
tropomyosin
actin
what is the structure that connects the axon to the cell body?
what happens at this structure?
what is the purpose of myelin sheaths/ myelin sheath gaps?
axon hillock
action potentials start
speed up action potentials
name 3 factors that increase diffusion rates
increased temp
small solute
steep gradient
increased membrane surface area
what are the 3 components of connective tissue?
which CT is avascular?
which CT has a mineral ground substance?
which CT is found in the dermis? in the hypodermis?
cells, ground substance, fibers
cartilage
bone
dense irregular CT, adipose
what are the 4 bone cells and their function?
osteoprogenitor cell - bone stem cell
osteoblast - produces bone matrix
osteoclast- break down bone matrix
osteocyte- regulate bone remodeling
the shoulder is what kind of joint?
the elbow (trochlea) is what kind of joint?
the metacarpo-phalangeal joint is what kind of joint?
the intercarpal joint is what kind of joint?
ball and socket
hinge
condylar
gliding
_____ neurons are common in sensory organs, like the retina
____ neurons have their cell body hanging peripherally
multipolar
bipolar
unipolar
what are 2 differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system?
the liver is part of which organ system?
fast vs slow
neurotransmitter vs hormone
short term vs long term
direct vs indirect
synapse vs bloodstream
-----
digestive system
what process begins in the stratum granulosum of the epidermis?
what protein is produced in the stratum spinosum?
what can the stratum basale do that no other layer can do?
what is the full name for the epithelium of the skin?
apoptosis
keratin
mitosis
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
which hormone increases blood calcium? which bone cell does it stimulate?
which hormone decreases blood calcium? which bone cell does it stimulate?
PTH, osteoclast
calcitonin, osteoblast
which form of ATP production occurs in the cytoplasm?
which form of ATP production adds a phosphate group to ADP?
which form of ATP production is used for long term energy?
glycolysis (anaerobic)
creatine phosphate (anaerobic)
aerobic respiration
the neural ___ folds, giving rise to the neural ____, which balloons into 3 primary brain vesicles
name the 3 primary brain vesicles and the adult structures that they become
plate, tube
prosencephalon ->forebrain, mesencephalon-> midbrain, rhombencephalon ->hindbrain