OVERVIEW & SCALE
This term refers to the mass movement of African Americans from the South to other U.S. regions between 1910 and 1970.
What is the Great Migration?
Which two global conflicts created labor shortages in northern cities?
What are World War I and World War II?
This insect devastated cotton crops across the South.
What is the boll weevil?
What system of racial laws enforced segregation in the South?
What is Jim Crow?
What form of transportation made long-distance migration affordable and possible?
What are railroads or trains?
Approximately how many African Americans participated in the Great Migration?
What is six million?
What happened to European immigration during World War I that increased job availability?
What is it was interrupted or reduced?
What environmental disaster in 1927 displaced thousands of Black Southerners?
What is the Great Mississippi Flood?
What form of racial violence directly pushed African Americans to seek safety elsewhere?
What is lynching?
Name ONE Black newspaper that promoted migration.
What is the Chicago Defender or Pittsburgh Courier?
Why was the Great Migration considered truly voluntary migration for African Americans?
What is due to racial violence, economic opportunities, and sharecropping
Name ONE industry that employed African American migrants in northern cities.
What is steel mills / railroads / meatpacking / automobile industry?
Why did environmental destruction make migration more appealing than staying?
What is it was easier to move than rebuild impoverished farms?
Name ONE city that experienced a race riot during this period.
What is Atlanta / East St. Louis / Chicago / Tulsa / Houston?
How were Black newspapers distributed throughout the South?
What is by Black sleeping car porters and maids?
By 1940, how did the Black population outside the South change?
What is it doubled?
Why were northern wages appealing to Black Southerners?
What is they were significantly higher than southern wages?
Which two states were heavily affected by floods in 1915?
What are Mississippi and Alabama?
Why did voting rights motivate some African Americans to migrate North?
What is they could vote for the first time in many northern cities?
How did the Great Migration change African Americans’ relationship to work and leisure?
What is they shifted from rural labor to urban life and leisure activities?
What migration pattern involved people moving first and then helping family or friends relocate later?
What is chain migration?
What economic system trapped many African Americans in debt in the South before migrating?
What is sharecropping?
How did crop destruction contribute to long-term poverty among Black farmers?
What is it eliminated stable income and food sources?
Why did racial discrimination still exist in the North, though differently than in the South?
What is it was less overt but still present through housing and job discrimination?
What organization was founded in 1910 to help migrants adjust to northern city life?
What is the National Urban League?