Compromise of 1877
This election led to the Compromise of 1877 after disputed votes in Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.
What is the election of 1876?
This type of tax restricted voting to those who could afford to pay.
What is a poll tax?
This white supremacist group was one of the major aggressors using terror to disenfranchise Black southerners.
Who are the Ku Klux Klan?
This man, who was 1/8 Black, deliberately tested Louisiana’s segregation law.
Who is Homer Plessy?
Though called “equal,” segregated facilities were almost always this in practice.
What is unequal?
He became president as part of the Compromise of 1877.
Who is Rutherford B. Hayes?
These tests were administered by white county clerks and often unfairly prevented Black people from voting.
What are literacy tests?
These public extrajudicial executions—such as hanging or burning—were used to terrorize Black communities.
What are lynchings?
Plessy challenged a law requiring segregation on this form of transportation.
What is railroad passenger coaches?
This 1954 Supreme Court case finally began dismantling “separate but equal.”
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This was removed from the South as part of the deal, allowing white Democratic governments to regain control.
What are federal troops?
This Supreme Court case allowed race-neutral restrictions that were used to suppress Black voting.
What is U.S. v. Reese (1875)?
This 1873 massacre in Louisiana targeted Black Americans during Reconstruction.
What is the Colfax Massacre?
This phrase became the legal doctrine established by the Supreme Court’s decision.
What is “separate but equal”?
Name two public spaces where segregation was enforced (examples listed in the worksheet).
What are restrooms, drinking fountains, streetcars, theaters, phone booths, swimming pools, parks, golf courses, etc.?
Once Reconstruction ended, some Southern states rewrote these legal documents to add de jure segregation laws.
What are state constitutions?
This clause exempted uneducated and poor whites from voting restrictions by tying rights to ancestry.
What is a grandfather clause?
Between 1889 and 1932, this many lynchings were documented in the United States.
What is 3,745?
He was the lone dissenter in the case, calling the ruling as harmful as Dred Scott.
Who is Justice John Marshall Harlan?
The system of racial segregation that expanded after Plessy became known by this term.
What is Jim Crow?
This candidate won the popular vote but lost the presidency due to contested electoral votes.
Who is Samuel Tilden?
This 1870 law actually made voting more difficult by turning voting into a financial burden.
What is the Enforcement Act of 1870?
This term refers to violent intimidation and attacks designed to suppress Black political participation.
What is "shotgun policy"?
The Supreme Court ruled that segregation did not violate these two constitutional amendments.
What are the 13th and 14th Amendments?
This expected social behavior reinforced segregation by dictating how Black people were supposed to interact with white people in everyday life.
What is racial etiquette?