Black Businesses
These types of businesses were commonly created in Black communities to meet daily needs when African Americans were excluded from white-owned establishments.
Grocery stores, barber shops, tailors, banks, or insurance companies
This organization fought legal battles against Jim Crow laws and advocated for African American civil rights.
NAACP
The Black press developed primarily in response to exclusion from this institution.
White-controlled newspapers / the white press
This was the first Black Christian denomination founded in the United States in 1816.
African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church
She was the first woman millionaire in the United States and a major Black entrepreneur.
Madam C.J. Walker
What was the primary reason African Americans created their own businesses in the early twentieth century?
Exclusion from broader American society and white-owned businesses
Black organizations were often created in response to what broader social condition?
Racial exclusion and discrimination
Name one major Black newspaper from the early twentieth century.
Chicago Defender, Pittsburgh Courier, New York Amsterdam News, Memphis Free Speech and Headlight, or New York Age
After Reconstruction, which Christian denomination became the most common among African Americans?
Baptist
Madam C.J. Walker’s products were designed to highlight what?
The beauty of Black people
This famous community in Tulsa, Oklahoma symbolized Black economic success before its destruction in 1921.
Black Wall Street
Institutions like HBCUs and the Tuskegee Institute promoted this key goal within Black communities.
Extended education and self-improvement
In addition to reporting news, the Black press documented what aspects of African American life?
Community achievements, local events, and everyday life
Black churches often incorporated this preaching style and musical tradition.
Emotive preaching, call-and-response, and music
What role did Walker Agents play in her business model?
They sold her products and expanded economic opportunities for Black women
How did Black-owned businesses help promote economic stability within Black communities?
They circulated money within the community and supported self-sufficiency
Why were Black organizations especially important during the Nadir of race relations?
They provided protection, opportunity, and advocacy during intense discrimination
How did the Black press support activism and resistance to racial discrimination?
By exposing lynchings, encouraging boycotts, and promoting civil rights causes
Beyond worship, Black churches served as safe spaces for what key activities?
Organizing, cultural expression, and leadership development
Madam C.J. Walker supported community initiatives through what method?
Philanthropy
Black businesses were most likely to thrive when they were supported by which broader community institutions?
Black churches, organizations, and the Black press
Black organizations often worked alongside businesses and churches to achieve what shared goal?
Community advancement and collective well-being
Which major migration movement did the Black press help facilitate by sharing job information?
The Great Migration
Why did some Black ministers avoid directly denouncing white supremacy in their sermons?
Fear of violence, repression, or survival concerns
Name one type of institution Madam C.J. Walker supported with her wealth.
NAACP, Black schools, churches, orphanages, or NACW