Great Migration
Millions of African Americans moved from the rural South to northern and western cities during this major demographic shift.
The Great Migration
This neighborhood in New York City became the cultural center of the Harlem Renaissance.
Harlem
This movement promoted racial pride, cultural expression, and political activism among African Americans.
The New Negro Movement
These colleges were founded primarily because African Americans were excluded from most existing universities.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)
Many Afro-Caribbean migrants came to the United States seeking these opportunities.
Economic, political, and educational opportunities
Marcus Garvey founded this organization in 1914.
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
Two major push factors that encouraged African Americans to leave the South during the Great Migration.
Job opportunities in northern factories; escaping racial violence/Jim Crow
Two major art forms that flourished during the Harlem Renaissance.
Literature, music, art, theater (any two)
The movement encouraged African Americans to reject this idea.
Assimilation into white society
Historically Black Colleges and Universities provided education emphasizing these two areas.
Liberal arts and vocational training
Afro-Caribbean immigration increased diversity within African American communities by introducing these cultural elements.
Language, religion, cultural traditions
Garvey promoted this slogan emphasizing global Black unity.
“Africa for the Africans”
This cultural shift occurred partly because Black migrants brought southern musical traditions into northern cities.
Jazz and blues
This musical genre grew rapidly during the Harlem Renaissance and became a defining American sound.
Jazz
The New Negro Movement emphasized this concept: African Americans defining their identity for themselves.
Self-definition / racial pride
This entrepreneur built a successful beauty empire and funded Black institutions and activism.
Madam C. J. Walker
Some tensions developed between African Americans and Afro-Caribbean migrants because of differences in what?
Cultural identity, language, and class differences
This shipping company was created as part of Garvey’s economic vision.
Black Star Line
Newspapers such as the Chicago Defender played this role in encouraging migration.
Encouraged migration by publishing job information and success stories
The Harlem Renaissance challenged racist stereotypes by doing this through art and literature.
Provided counternarratives that showcased Black creativity and intellect
The movement used literature, art, and music to challenge what?
Racist stereotypes about African Americans
The Fisk Jubilee Singers helped popularize this type of music internationally.
African American spirituals
This New York neighborhood became a major center of Afro-Caribbean migration.
Harlem / New York City
Garvey’s movement promoted the idea that people of African descent should do this.
Return to Africa / Black self-determination
The Great Migration helped transform cities like Chicago, Detroit, and Harlem into centers of this cultural movement.
Harlem Renaissance
This poet wrote works exploring African heritage and identity during the Harlem Renaissance.
Gwendolyn Bennett / Countee Cullen (either acceptable)
Name one major writer or intellectual associated with the New Negro Movement.
Alain Locke, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston (any)
This historian and collector preserved Black history and helped establish a major research archive.
Arturo Schomburg
Afro-Caribbean migration strengthened the development of this broader idea of Black global identity.
Pan-African identity
Garveyism appealed to many working-class African Americans because it emphasized what?
Economic independence and racial pride
Jacob Lawrence’s Migration Series visually depicts this historical development.
Mass migration from the South to northern cities
How did radio and record companies help expand the influence of Harlem Renaissance musicians?
Radio and record labels helped Black musicians reach wider audiences
Explain how the New Negro Movement was a response to racial violence and discrimination.
It responded to racism and violence by promoting pride and activism
Explain how Black businesses contributed to economic self-sufficiency in the early 20th century.
Black businesses served Black communities and reinvested wealth into them
Explain how Afro-Caribbean migrants contributed to Harlem Renaissance culture.
Through music, literature, political thought, and activism
Explain why Garvey’s ideas were controversial among other Black leaders.
Some leaders believed Garvey’s separatist ideas conflicted with integrationist strategies
Explain how the Great Migration helped create the conditions for the Harlem Renaissance.
Migration concentrated Black populations in cities, creating communities that supported artists and intellectuals.
Explain how Harlem Renaissance artists promoted pride in Black identity.
Through art celebrating Black culture, heritage, and achievement.
Explain how the New Negro Movement connected culture with political activism.
Cultural expression became a form of political resistance.
Explain how Black institutions helped build leadership within African American communities.
They trained educators, professionals, and activists.
Explain how Afro-Caribbean immigration expanded the meaning of the African diaspora.
It reinforced the idea that Black identity extended beyond national borders.
Explain how Garvey’s movement contributed to the development of Pan-Africanism.
It promoted global unity among people of African descent.