Reconstruction & Citizenship
This Amendment officially abolished slavery when ratified in 1865.
13th Amendment
After Sherman's orders were overturned, freed people were evicted from their land and had to resort to this type of farming in order to survive.
What is sharecropping or crop-lien?
This author was inspired by the murder of 3 of her friends to begin recording examples of lynchings in a book called The Red Record.
Who is Ida B. Wells?
In The Souls of Black Folk, this scholar described the “problem of the twentieth century” as the problem of the color line.
Who is W.E.B. Du Bois?
Between the 1910s and 1970s, about six million African Americans relocated from the South to northern and western cities in this major demographic movement.
What is the Great Migration?
This Amendment overturned Dred Scott v. Sanford and established equal protection for all, but this last part was overturned by later Supreme Court cases.
What is the 14th Amendment?
One unfortunate result of the post-Reconstruction times in the South was the criminalization of almost everything, turning minor offenses or debt into felonies with fines. This system would become known as....
What is convict leasing?
Name for the time period between 1917 and 1921 punctuated by race riots and massacres.
What is The Red Summer?
This concept describes the internal conflict experienced by marginalized groups forced to view themselves through the lens of a discriminatory society.
What is double consciousness?
This organization, founded in 1910, helped African Americans migrating from the rural South adjust to life in northern cities.
What is the National Urban League?
The first Black politician to serve in the U.S. Congress and US Senate in 1870.
a) Robert Smalls
b) Thurgood Marshall
c) Hiram Revels
C. Hiram Revels
This amendment led to over 2,000 Black men being elected to some kind of local, county, state, or federal office through the power of the vote.
What is the 15th amendment?
The Greenwood district in Tulsa, destroyed in the massacre in 1921, is better known as this.
What is Black Wall Street?
This movement encouraged African Americans to define their own identity, pride, and cultural expression in the early 20th century.
What is the New Negro Movement?
This entrepreneur became the first female self-made millionaire in the United States through her hair care business.
Who is Madam C.J. Walker?
This organization was responsible for managing property abandoned and confiscated during the Civil War, but its primary function was to assist formerly enslaved people as they transitioned into American citizens.
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
This Supreme Court case approved of state laws that segregated Black and white folks in public spaces.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
Booker T. Washington's uplift strategy was primarily focused on...
African Americans remaining in the South and learning a trade to gain economic independence.
This cultural and artistic explosion centered in New York during the 1920s and 1930s celebrated Black literature, art, and music.
What is the Harlem Renaissance?
These colleges were created largely after the Civil War to provide higher education opportunities for African Americans.
What are Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)?
Union General William Sherman issued Special Order No. 15 which redistributed about 400,000 acres in South Carolina and Florida to newly freed people assigned in small parcels. This gave rise to which phrase?
40 acres and a mule.
This is what HBCU stands for.
What is "Historically Black College and University?"
DuBois's uplift strategy included
higher education, civil rights, and political participation
This Harlem Renaissance poet encouraged resistance against racial violence in his poem “If We Must Die.”
Who is Claude McKay?
This Pan-African leader founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and promoted the “Back-to-Africa” movement.
Who is Marcus Garvey?