Cell Basics
This major category of cells consists of unicellular organisms such as bacteria
prokaryotic cells
In eukaryotic cells, this organelle contains the cell's DNA.
nucleus
The control center of eukaryotic cells.
Nucleus
What is the outer layer of plant cells called?
cell wall
Quadruple points
What does the prefix "cyto" mean?
cell
unicellular =
multicellular =
an organism made of only one cell
an organism made of many cells
Triple points and point donation
What is cytoplasm mostly made of?
water
Double points
Which organelle contains many hydrolytic enzymes that help to break down and recycle macromolecules and other cell parts?
lysosomes
Double Points and Point Donation
This organelle sorts, modifies and ships macromolecules like proteins.
Golgi apparatus
Double points
Which nucleic acid is only found inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, but floats freely in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells?
DNA
All animals, plants and fungi have this main type of cell
eukaryotic cells
This organelle is made up of ribosomal RNA and proteins and can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
ribosome
This organelle makes energy for the cell in the form of ATP molecules
mitochondria
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis -- they use light energy to make food for plant and algae cells.
Triple points
For cells that must grow larger to function properly, which shape best maintains a high surface area to volume ratio?
cylindrical (cylinder shape)
Point donation
This main type of cell was the first to evolve on Earth about 3.5 billions of years ago.
prokaryotic cells
This organelle comes in two forms. The _______ endoplasmic reticulum is covered in ribosomes for protein synthesis and the ________ endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids and helps to detoxify cells.
rough, smooth
This organelle is the location of photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants make their own food using light energy.
chloroplasts
Plant cells have a large central _______ that they use to store ______ and other nutrients and to maintain their shape, whereas animal cells have several smaller versions of this organelle that they use for storage.
vacuole
water
This structure is how DNA is stored in cells. It consists of long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins. It looks like thread or spaghetti. It condenses when the cell is dividing.
chromatin or chromosomes
Identify two similarities and two differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Differences: eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokaryotic do not; eukaryotic have organelles and prokaryotic do not; eukaryotic are larger and more complex
Point donation
This organelle is made of many tube-like structures that go all throughout the inside of the cell and provide it with support.
cytoskeleton
This organelle controls what goes in and out of the cell.
cell/plasma membrane
Cells and organelles have evolved to maximize their __________ to _________ ratio.
surface area, volume
Identify which biological macromolecules can be found in cells.
All of them! Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids