MisCELLaneous
This allows the study of living cells.
What is a microscope?
Prokaryotic cells lack these structures that eukaryotic cells possess.
What are membrane-bound organelles?
The nucleus is surrounded by this double membrane structure.
What is the nuclear envelope?
This organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" due to its role in energy conversion.
What is the mitochondrion?
This component of the cytoskeleton is involved in cell movement and shape changes.
What are microfilaments?
The plant cell wall is primarily composed of this polysaccharide.
What is cellulose?
The first person to see living cells.
Who is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
The region in a prokaryotic cell where DNA is located.
What is the nucleoid?
These structures within the nucleus are where ribosomal RNA is synthesized.
What are nucleoli?
The endoplasmic reticulum comes in two forms. Name them.
What are rough ER and smooth ER?
These are the largest structures in the cytoskeleton and help with cell division and organelle movement.
What are microtubules?
Animal cells are embedded in this complex network of proteins and polysaccharides.
What is the extracellular matrix (ECM)?
This limits the size of a cell.
What is surface area to volume ratio?
This cellular structure is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is responsible for protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes?
This term describes DNA and proteins when they are not condensed into chromosomes.
What is chromatin?
The Golgi apparatus modifies products of the ER, especially these types of molecules.
What are proteins and lipids?
This component provides mechanical support and is often associated with cell junctions.
What are intermediate filaments?
This type of cell junction prevents leakage of extracellular fluid between cells.
What are tight junctions?
All organisms are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.
Cells come only from preexisting cells because cells are self-reproducing.
What is the Cell Theory?
Prokaryotic cells typically range in size from 1 to 5 micrometers, while eukaryotic cells are generally within this size range.
What is 10 to 100 micrometers?
Ribosomes can be found in these two locations within a eukaryotic cell.
What are the cytosol and the rough ER?
These are small membrane sacs that transport materials between organelles in the endomembrane system.
What are vesicles?
Motor proteins move along these tracks within the cell.
What are microtubules and microfilaments?
These channels between plant cells allow for communication and transport of materials.
What are plasmodesmata?
This type of microscope uses a beam of electrons to create an image of the specimen.
What is an electron microscope?
The two domains of prokaryotic cells are these.
What are Bacteria and Archaea?
The pathway by which genetic information in the nucleus is converted to a functional product.
What is the central dogma of molecular biology (DNA -> RNA -> Protein)?
This organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes and is involved in digestion and recycling within the cell.
What is the lysosome?
The structure composed of microtubules found in cilia and flagella.
What is the axoneme?
These junctions are found in animal cells and allow ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another.
What are gap junctions?