Water
Macromolecules
DNA/RNA
Enzymes
Functional Groups
100
Describe 2 properties of water.
Solvent; surface tension; polarity; surface tension; adhesion/cohesion; low density of ice; capillary action; high heat capacity.
100
What are the four types of macromolecules we studied.
Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
100
What is the job of DNA? What is the job ofRNA?
DNA- Stores the genetic code "Instruction manual"
RNA- Translates the genetic code into proteins "Reads and executes instructions"
100
What is a chemical agent that selectively speeds up reactions?
Catalyst
100
What functional group(s) is present in the following image?
Amino group
200
What is the name of the bond when one side is partially negative and one is partially positive?
Polar Covalent Bonds
200
Why is carbon crucial in forming all macromolecules?
Allows for complex, and diverse structures because it can bond with up to four different atoms at once.
200
"Our bond is like a hydrogen bond, weak yet indispensable!"
Add 200 points!
200
How will raising the temperature slightly affect the rate of the reaction?
Increase the rate of the reaction.
200
What two groups join together to form the backbone of proteins?
Amino group and carboxyl group.
300
What are the differences between cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion: attraction between the SAME molecules, i.e water and water
Adhesion: attraction between two DIFFERENT molecules, i.e water and plant wall
300
How do you tell the difference between a saturated fatty acid, and an unsaturated fatty acid?
Saturated: Contains NO double bonds
Unsaturated: Contains at least one double bond
300
What are the structural differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA- double stranded, has deoxyribose, and contains A, G, C, T
RNA- Single stranded, has ribose, and contains A, G, C, U
300
Uh oh! You forgot to properly label your graph, minus 300 points
300
What functional group is found in ATP and ADP?
Phosphate group
400
Explain the reason why water and oil don't mix together
Differences in polarity, water is polar, and oil is non-polar, so their differences in polarity don't allow it. "Like dissolves like"
400
Nitrogen is crucial for forming what macromolecule(s)?
Proteins and nucleic acids
400
What are the main components of a DNA strand?
Nitrogenous base, sugar phosphate bone, phosphate end (5') and hydroxyl end (3')
400
What are the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
Substrates
400
What functional group(s) are present in the following image?
Amine Group and Carboxyl Group
500
How do ice sheets in the water help/harm the ecosystems they are in? Why do they float?
They help by reflecting the sun rays and helping protect the wildlife below.
They float because the ice is less dense than the liquid form of water, due to its crystalline structure.
500
Describe each type of protein structure
Primary: A linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Secondary: Repeating patterns of folding within the chain, (alpha helix or beta pleated cheat)
Tertiary: 3D folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions.
Quaternary: Arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunit to form a functional protein complex.
500
What is the complementary strand of this DNA sequence?
5' ATGGACGATCG 3'
3' TACCTGCTAGC 5'
500
What is the difference between dehydration and hydrolysis?
Hydrolysis- ADDITION of water to a molecule to break it down into smaller pieces. (polymers to monomers)
Dehydration- REMOVAL of water between two molecules to form one. (monomers to polymers)
500
Write the abbreviated name for ALL 7 functional groups
COOH
NH2
SH
OH
CO
PO4
CH3