Enzyme Basics
Which type of biomolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
Triple points
This is the location on an enzyme where the substrate binds.
active site
Triple points
What are the two main functions of enzymes?
To catalyze/speed up chemical reactions
To regulate/control chemical reactions
Triple points
The energy molecule that living things use to power most of their cellular activities.
ATP
Which organelle generates ATP for eukaryotic cells?
mitochondria
Enzymes are biological ___________ because they speed up chemical reactions.
catalysts
The shape of an enzyme's active site is very _______ so that only certain substrate can fit into it.
specific
Double points
Enzyme's catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the __________ required to start the reaction.
activation energy
Enzymes have specific environmental ranges in which they function best. These are known as their ________ ranges.
optimal/optimum
Quadruple points
This terms refers to the process of adding a phosphate molecule onto another molecule. Energy is usually transferred when this occurs, often causing a structural and functional change in the molecule receiving the phosphate.
phosphorylation
Double points
An enzyme whose structure has changed too much will not function properly. This is referred to as a __________ enzyme.
denatured
A good analogy for enzymes is that their substrates fit into an their active sites like a ________ in a ________.
key
lock
Enzymes are _________ which means that cells can keep stockpiles of them and then use them over and over for the specific chemical reactions that they need to do.
reusable
This word means to speed something up.
catalyze
Name three environmental conditions that affect enzyme function.
pH
temperature
pressure
substrate concentration or enzyme concentration
inhibitor or activator molecules
Enzymes act on specific reactants in specific chemical reactions, helping convert them into products. What is the name of the specific reactant that an enzyme acts on?
substrate
This is the name for a location on an enzyme other than the active site where other molecules can bind in order to regulate the enzyme's activity level.
allosteric site
What is the main way in which enzyme activity is measured?
The reaction rate of the chemical reactions that that they are involved in.
structure
conformation
Within the metabolisms of living things, the energy created by catabolic reactions is used to power the energy required for anabolic reactions. What is this called?
energy coupling
Enzymes are generally named for the substrate that they act on, with these three letters at the end.
-ase
Just like all other proteins, enzymes will have at least ___ levels of folding.
3 (tertiary)
These are the two main types of activator molecules that increase certain enzymes' activity.
cofactors
coenzymes
___________ refers to all of the chemical reactions that occur within living things. These reactions fall into two main categories: __________ which are the reactions that build larger molecules and require energy, and _________ which are the reactions that break down larger molecules and release energy.
Metabolism
anabolism
catabolism
Catabolism primarily involves this type of chemical reaction: __________.
Anabolism primarily involves this type of chemical reaction: __________.
dehydration synthesis