Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance the survival and reproduction in specific environments.
What are adaptations?
100
A structure that serves the same function but originated independently in different groups of organisms.
What is an analogous structure?
100
The definition of a taxon.
What is a group of organisms that share a set of traits?
100
p^2 in the expression p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1.
What is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype?
100
The type of natural selection that occurs when an extreme phenotype is favored and selected for.
What is directional selection?
200
Two part question:
Think about the finches on the Galapagos studied by the Grants. What trait was selected for after the drought of 1970? Why?
Long Beaks, to get larger seeds that were available after the drought.
200
What are structures that are anatomically similar because they are inherited from a common ancestor?
Homologous structures
200
These two types of data are used to infer phylogenies.
What is morphological and molecular data?
200
Two possible causes of genetic drift.
What are the bottleneck effect and the founder effect?
200
The three mechanisms of evolution.
What are natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift?
300
Hutton and Lyell's idea that influenced Darwin's thinking about evolution.
What is the idea that the slow geological change on Earth's surface means that Earth is older than previously thought?
300
The most recent organism from which all living organisms on Earth descend.
What is the last universal common ancestor?
300
The purpose for binomial nomenclature.
What is the standardization and avoidance of ambiguity in classifying organisms?
300
The full definition of a population.
What is a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed to produce fertile offspring?
300
The condition for stabilizing selection to occur.
What is the favored selection of an intermediate phenotype over extreme phenotypes?
400
Which of the following is NOT an observation or inference on which natural selection is based?
a. There is heritable variation among individuals
b. Only a fraction of offspring may survive
c. Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring
c. Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring
400
What are intermediate evolutionary forms of life that provide evidence for the transition from one type to another?
Follow up: Give an example.
Transitional Fossils
Pakicetus -- Aetiocetus (nostril in middle) -- Whale
Fish -- Tiktaalik -- Tetrapod
400
The criteria for a taxon to be considered a clade.
What is the inclusion of an ancestral species and all of its descendants?
400
Red eyes is the dominant allele over sepia eyes in fruit eyes. If there are 1,000 total flies in a population and 640 have red eyes, what is the expected number of flies that should be homozygous dominant for red eyes?
HINT: start with q^2
What is 160?
400
The definition of sexual selection.
Give an example
What is the form of selection where certain mates are chosen for over other mates of the same population?
Male peacocks are chosen for their beautiful colors and dances
500
This scientist hypothesized that giraffes got their long necks after many years of giraffes stretching their necks higher.
Who is Lamarck?
500
Describe one example of how evolution can directly observed.
Soapberry beak length decreasing because of smaller fruits
MRSA and other antibiotic resistant bacteria forming due to the use of antibiotics
500
The definition of a homoplasy.
What is a shared feature not inherited from a common ancestor?
500
The 5 conditions for a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
What are no mutation, no migration, large gene pool, random mating, and no selection?
500
The two types of balancing selection.
What are heterozygote advantage and frequency-dependent selection?