Unit 3
This organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
Chloroplast
This molecule carries genetic information and serves as the template for transcription.
dna
This mechanism of evolution occurs when individuals with advantageous traits leave more offspring than others.
natural selection
This level of ecological organization consists of all the populations living in an area.
community
This macromolecule contains amino acids as its building blocks.
proteins
During photosynthesis, light energy is used to split this molecule, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.
water (H₂O)
This process converts the information in mRNA into a protein.
translation
The movement of alleles between populations due to migration is called what?
gene flow
Organisms that make their own food using sunlight are called what?
producers (autotrophs)
This organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell."
mitochondrion (mitochondria)
In cellular respiration, this process occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and produces NADH, FADH₂, and carbon dioxide.
Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)
A mutation changes a DNA codon but does not change the amino acid produced. This type of mutation is called what?
silent mutation
A hurricane randomly kills many individuals in a population, reducing genetic diversity. This is an example of what evolutionary mechanism?
genetic drift
Only about this percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.
10%
This process produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
mitosis
A researcher adds a chemical that blocks ATP synthase in mitochondria. Predict the direct effect on ATP production and explain why.
ATP production will decrease because protons cannot flow through ATP synthase to power chemiosmosis
A scientist inserts a human gene into a bacterial plasmid. What biotechnology technique is being used?
genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)
A population of insects becomes resistant to a pesticide over several generations. Explain why this occurs.
individuals with resistance alleles survive and reproduce more successfully, increasing the frequency of those alleles in the population
A disease reduces the size of a rabbit population. Predict one effect this may have on the fox population.
the fox population may decrease because less prey is available
This scientist is known as the "father of genetics."
Gregor Mendel
Scientists expose a plant to light containing only red wavelengths. The rate of photosynthesis increases compared with a plant exposed only to green light. Explain why red light results in a higher photosynthetic rate.
chlorophyll absorbs red light efficiently, exciting electrons in the photosystems, whereas green light is mostly reflected and therefore provides less energy for the light-dependent reactions
A mutation occurs in the promoter region of a gene. Predict how this could affect gene expression.
transcription may decrease or stop because RNA polymerase may not bind effectively to the promoter
A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Name two conditions that must be met for the population to remain in equilibrium.
no natural selection, no mutation, no migration, random mating, and a large population size (Any two.)
A lake receives excess fertilizer runoff from nearby farms. Explain how this can lead to fish deaths.
eutrophication causes algal blooms, which are decomposed by bacteria that consume dissolved oxygen, leading to hypoxic conditions and fish kills (or anything similar)
Riddle:
I increase variation without creating new alleles.
I occur during meiosis and involve homologous chromosomes.
I can produce new combinations of traits.
What am I?
Crossing over (genetic recombination)