Cell Structure & Function
This organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it produces ATP.
What is the mitochondrion?
This Austrian monk is considered the father of genetics.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
This scientist developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Who is Charles Darwin?
These macromolecules are made of amino acids.
What are proteins?
This is the ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems.
What is the Sun?
These organelles are responsible for protein synthesis and can be found on the rough ER or floating freely in the cytoplasm.
What are ribosomes?
An organism’s genetic makeup is called its genotype, while its physical appearance is called its ______.
What is phenotype?
A change in a population’s gene pool over generations is known as ____.
What is evolution?
The main function of carbohydrates is to provide ____.
What is quick energy?
Organisms that make their own food from sunlight or chemicals are called ____.
What are autotrophs (or producers)?
This structure regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.
What is the plasma (cell) membrane?
In a monohybrid cross of two heterozygous parents (Aa × Aa), the expected genotypic ratio is ___.
What is 1:2:1?
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment is called its ____.
What is fitness?
This type of lipid is an important component of cell membranes.
What are phospholipids?
The series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten is called a ____.
What is a food chain?
Plant cells have this large structure that stores water, ions, and nutrients and helps maintain turgor pressure.
What is the central vacuole?
This principle states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
What is the law of independent assortment?
Structures that are similar in form but different in function, such as a human arm and a whale fin, are known as ____.
What are homologous structures?
DNA and RNA are composed of repeating units called ____.
What are nucleotides?
This process describes how carbon moves between the atmosphere, living organisms, and the Earth.
What is the carbon cycle?
This network of protein filaments maintains cell shape, secures organelles, and enables cellular movement.
What is the cytoskeleton?
When both alleles are expressed equally in a heterozygote (like AB blood type), it’s called ____.
What is codominance?
Random changes in allele frequencies due to chance, especially in small populations, describe this evolutionary mechanism.
What is genetic drift?
This level of protein structure involves interactions between multiple polypeptide chains.
What is quaternary structure?
When two species compete for the same niche, one will outcompete the other. This is known as the ____.
What is the competitive exclusion principle?