Properties of Macros
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
Neucleotide
What is the structure of a DNA molecule? What about a RNA molecule?
A double helix; single strand
Identify the elements that make up nearly all living matter.
CHONPS
What element is most essential to life on earth? How many valence electrons does it have?
Carbon and 4
What state is Mt. Rushmore located?
South Dakota
How many monomers of proteins are there and what are they called?
The monomers of proteins are amino acids and there are twenty different amino acids.
Glucose serves as a nutrient and fuel for cells. In which process is glucose primarily used?
Cellular Respiration
What is dehydration synthesis?
The process of building up multiple monomers into a polymer by removing water molecules (dehydration)
How would you write the structure for what makes up a functional amino group?
NH2
The chemical compound NaCL is what common substance?
Salt
Polynucleotides are composed of which three basic components?
Phosphate, Deoxyribose or Ribose sugar, and Nitrogen base
You are given the following strand of DNA 5’-ATACGTA- 3’. What is the complementary strand?
3'-TATGCAT-5'
What is the process of breaking down a polymer into multiple monomers by adding water?
Hydrolysis
What makes carbon such a versatile element?
Carbon can form single, double, or triple covalent bonds. A single carbon can form up to four covalent bonds!
Hydrocarbons- organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen (think: simple framework for more complex organic molecules)
Which US state hosted the "International Snow Sculpture Championships" in January 2025?
Colorado
What important roles do polysaccharides play in animals? Plants?
Storage polysaccharides have two forms: starch in plants and glycogen in animals. Plant starch allows plants to store excess glucose and glycogen allows animals to store energy as well. Structural polysaccharides have two forms as well: cellulose and chitin. Cellulose is the tough substance that forms plant cell walls. Chitin forms the exoskeleton of arthropods.
Which nitrogen bases are purines? Which nitrogen bases are pyrimidines? How can you tell?
purines= A and G=two structures
pyrimidines= T and C=one structure
Describe two ways in which the properties of water benefit organisms.
Answer may vary!
The temperature of water does not change easily. Water has to absorb more heat energy to increase overall temperature compared to other compounds. This helps to regulate cell temperatures in organisms. Its temperature does NOT fluctuate very much which allows life to live in water. Buffers large fluctuations in temperature which keeps Earth’s climate moderate. Adhesion, cohesion, and capillary action are essential for plants.
What is the chemical make up of the functional group that represents a hydroxyl group?
-OH
Russell Wilson
How do the R groups of amino acids contribute to protein structure?
The R group of each amino acid is unique, so the interaction between R groups in the primary structure (sequence of AAs) will determine the structure and function of the final protein. Since all amino acids consist of a carboxy and amino group, the R group is the only thing that differs between them. The R groups interact with each other, which dictates the secondary structure through hydrogen bonds, this will then affect the tertiary structure through hydrophobic interactions/hydrogen bonds/ionic bonds.
Would the function of a protein change if the amino acid sequence changed? Why or why not?
Yes, the function of a protein would change if the amino acid sequence changed because the amino acid sequence determines the shape of the protein. The shape determines function. The R groups of amino acids interact with each other to create this shape, therefore if the R groups change, the final shape/function of the protein changes.
The xylem vessel of a plant is responsible for transporting water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant. This movement of water is driven by a process called transpiration pull, which is the evaporation of water from the leaves, creating a negative pressure that pulls water upward through the xylem. This process relies on the unique properties of water. Explain or describe the properties of water that allow for water to move through the xylem..
Cohesion, Adhesion, and Capillary Action: Cohesion allows water molecules to stick together, adhesion helps water molecules cling to the walls of the xylem vessels, and capillary action enables water to move up the narrow tubes of the xylem against gravity.
How do functional groups affect the structure and behavior of organic molecules?
Functional groups are chemical groups attached to the carbon skeleton that participate in chemical reactions. Each functional group is different in its chemical composition, so each difference in function changes the structures of molecules.
How many Twilight books and movies are there?
Four books, five movies