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AP BIO 1
AP BIO 2
AP BIO 3
AP BIO 4
AP BIO 5
100

1. The entire set of genetic information in a cell or an organism is referred as 

A. chromosome

B. chromatin

C. gene

D. genome

D. genome

100

27.  Which process is the one in which glucose is oxidized to generate two molecules of pyruvate, and in which ATP and NADH are produced? 

  1. Fermentation

  2. the oxidation of pyruvate

  3. Chemiosmosis

  4. the citric acid cycle

  5. None of the listed responses is correct.


None of the listed responses is correct.

100

25. A molecule becomes more oxidized when it __________.

  1. gains an electron

  2. gains a hydrogen (H+) ion

  3. loses an electron

  4. loses a hydrogen (H+) ion

  5. changes shape

  • loses an electron

100

19. In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which step occurs? 

A. Pyruvate is reduced to acetyl-coA, which involves the reduction of pyruvate, the addition of a carbon dioxide from the environment, and its reduction by NADH.

B. Pyruvate is reduced and decarboxylated, and the resulting electrons oxidize an NAD+ to an NADH

C. Pyruvate is oxidized and decarboxylated, and the removed electrons are used to reduce an NAD+ to an NADH.

D. Pyruvate is oxidized and decarboxylated, and the resulting electrons are donated to NADH to produce NAD+.

E. Pyruvate is ionized directly to acetyl-coA.

C. Pyruvate is oxidized and decarboxylated, and the removed electrons are used to reduce an NAD+ to an NADH.

100

12.A single plant cell is placed in an isotonic solution. Salt is then added to the solution. Which would occur fairly quickly as a result of that addition? 

A. There would be no osmotic movement of water in response to the added salt.

B. The added salt makes the solution hypotonic compared to the cell. Water will enter the cell by osmosis.

C. Water would leave the cell by osmosis, causing the volume of the cytoplasm to decrease.

D. The added salt would enter the cell, causing the cell to take up water and swell.

Water would enter the cell by osmosis, and the cell would swell.

C. Water would leave the cell by osmosis, causing the volume of the cytoplasm to decrease.

200

29. Which structural arrangement of the components in biological membranes is most consistent with membrane’s property of selective permeability?

  1. proteins sandwiched between two layers of phospholipid

  2. a phospholipid bilayer with proteins scattered on the surfaces of the membranes

  3. proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipid

  4. a layer of protein coating a layer of phospholipid

  5. phospholipids sandwiched between two layers of protein

  • proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipid

200

28.  Sports physiologists at an Olympic training center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could have done this by checking for a buildup of which compound? 

  1. Oxygen

  2. carbon dioxide

  3. Lactate

  4. ADP

  5. ATP

Lactate

200

24. A plot of reaction rate against temperature for an enzyme indicates little activity at 10°C and 45°C, with peak activity at 35°C. The most reasonable explanation for the low velocity at 10°C is that ___________. 

  1. the substrate becomes a competitive inhibitor at lower temperature

  2. there is too little activation energy available

  3. the hydrogen bonds that define the structure of the enzyme's active site are unstable

  4. the cofactors required by the enzyme system lack the thermal energy required to activate the enzyme

  5. the enzyme was denatured

  • there is too little activation energy available

200

18. Each ATP molecule contains about 1% of the amount of chemical energy available from the complete oxidation of a single glucose molecule. Cellular respiration produces about 32 ATP from one glucose molecule. What happens to the rest of the energy in glucose? 

A. It is stored as fat.

B. It is released as carbon dioxide and water.

C. It is used to make water from hydrogen ions and oxygen.

D. It is converted to heat.

E. It is converted to starch.



D. It is converted to heat.

200

10. Which type of cell will have the most mitochondria?

A. nondividing cells in the skin on your finger

B. muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

C. bacterial cells that are growing on sugars

D. photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree

E. inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use

B. muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

300


30. Glucose and hexanoic acid each contain six carbon atoms, but they have completely different properties. Glucose is a nutrient found in food; hexanoic acid is poisonous. Their differences must be due to different __________. 

  1. Isomers

  2. Macromolecules

  3. functional groups

  4. Monomers

  5. quaternary structures

functional groups

300

2. Which statement about the energy radiated from the ears of a rabbit cooling itself is accurate?

A. The original source of the energy was the sun.

B. The energy will be recycled through the ecosystem.

C. The radiated energy will be trapped by predators of the elephants.

D. More energy is radiated in cold conditions than in hot conditions.

E. More energy is radiated at night than during the day.

A. The original source of the energy was the sun.

300

23. Which correctly states the relationship between anabolic and catabolic pathways? 

  1. the flow of energy between catabolic and anabolic pathways is reversible.

  2. Energy derived from catabolic pathways is used to drive the breakdown of organic molecules in anabolic pathways.

  3. Degradation of organic molecules by anabolic pathways provides the energy to drive catabolic pathways.

  4. Catabolic pathways produce usable cellular energy by synthesizing more complex organic molecules.

  5. Anabolic pathways synthesize more complex organic molecules using the energy derived from catabolic pathways.

Anabolic pathways synthesize more complex organic molecules using the energy derived from catabolic pathways.

300

16. Which functional group is associated with a release of energy when removed from a 

A. carbon skeleton

B. phosphate

C. hydroxyl

D. amino

E. sulfhydryl

carboxyl

B. phosphate

300

9. You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to ___________. 

move rapidly

A.store large quantities of ions

B.absorb nutrients in the GI tract

C.secrete a lot of protein

D.make a lot of ATP

C.secrete a lot of protein

400

28. Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

  1. The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata.

  2. The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell.

  3. The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

  4. The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions.

  5. The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix.

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

400

27. Which best describes the electron transport chain?

  1. Acetyl CoA is fully oxidized to CO2.

  2. Hydrogen atoms are added to CO2 to make an energy-rich compound.

  3. Electrons are passed from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.

  4. Electrons are pumped across a membrane by active transport.

  5. Glucose is broken down to a three-carbon compound in preparation for the citric acid cycle.

  • Electrons are passed from one carrier to another, releasing a little energy at each step.

400

22. The source of phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade is __________. 

  1. GTP

  2. cAMP

  3. ATP

  4. protein kinase

  5. protein phosphatase


  • ATP

400

15. Which determines the sign of delta G for a reaction? 

A. the enzyme catalyzing the reaction having a high affinity (strength of binding) for the reactants

B. the enzyme catalyzing the reaction having a low affinity for the products

C. the free energy of the reactants and the free energy of the products

D. the free energy of the reactants

E. the free energy of the products

C. the free energy of the reactants and the free energy of the products

400

6. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch. Why can't the same enzyme break down cellulose? 

A. The enzyme cannot attack cellulose because of its helical shape.

B. The bonds between the monosaccharide monomers in cellulose are much stronger.

C. The monosaccharide monomers in cellulose are bonded together differently than in starch.

D. Cellulose molecules are much too large.

E. Starch is made of glucose; cellulose is made of fructose.

C. The monosaccharide monomers in cellulose are bonded together differently than in starch.

500


33. Which of the following is a common feature of the illustrated reactions showing the linking of monomers to form macromolecules?

Responses

  • A. Two identical monomers are joined by a covalent bond.

  • B. Two identical monomers are joined by a covalent bond.

  • C. Two different monomers are joined by a covalent bond.

  • D. Two different monomers are joined by a covalent bond.

  • E. Monomers are joined by a covalent bond, and a water molecule is produced.

  • F. Monomers are joined by a covalent bond, and a water molecule is produced.

  • G. Monomers are joined by ionic bonds, and a water molecule is produced.

  • C. Two different monomers are joined by a covalent bond.

500

26. Most of the NADH that delivers electrons to the electron transport chain comes from which process?

  1. anabolic pathways

  2. Glycolysis

  3. the citric acid cycle

  4. oxidative phosphorylation

  5. substrate-level phosphorylation

  • the citric acid cycle

500

21. Testosterone and estrogen are lipid-soluble signal molecules that cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. If these molecules can enter all cells, why do only specific cells respond to their presence?

  1. The signal molecules diffuse from the cell before an effective concentration can be achieved.

  2. Nontarget cells possess enzymes that immediately degrade the molecules as they enter the cell.

  3. Nontarget cells lack the inactive enzymes that the signal molecules activate.

  4. In nontarget cells, these signal molecules cross the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and are captured by vesicles.

  5. Nontarget cells lack the intracellular receptors that, when activated by the signal molecule, can interact with genes in the cell's nucleus.

  • Nontarget cells lack the intracellular receptors that, when activated by the signal molecule, can interact with genes in the cell's nucleus.

500

14.The source of phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade is __________.

A. ATP

B. protein phosphatase

C. protein kinase

D. cAMP

E. GTP

A. ATP

500

5. The ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and water's ability to dissolve substances that have charges or partial charges are __________. 

A.both caused by water's ability to form covalent bonds with hydrophobic substances

B.due to water's partial charges and low molecular mass, respectively

C.both caused by water's two electron shells

D.both due to water's low molecular mass

E.both caused by water's partial charges

E.both caused by water's partial charges