Unit 1
What elements makeup 96% of living matter?
CHON - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
What are the three types of domains?
Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea
For glycolysis to begin there must be...
What are the three stages of cell signaling?
Reception, Transduction, and Response
How is the scientific process flexible?
The process of science is not linear but instead involves backtracking, repetition, and feedback between different steps of the process.
How many hydrogen bonds can one molecule of water hold?
Up to 4
Why is the ratio of surface area to volume important to cell function?
A high ratio of surface area to volume is especially important in cells that exchange a lot of material with their surroundings
In a plant cell, the synthesis of ATP occurs in which of the following?
The Mitochondria & the Cholorplast
What occurs during anaphase?
Sister chromatids separate
What is needed in the discussion of a lab write-up?
CER
The difference in various protein structures is most likely caused by?
The communication and interaction of the R-group of amino acids.
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable meaning that only some things have an easy time passing through. What things have a difficult time passing through the membrane?
LARGE & CHARGED molecules
Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen is present or abset?
Glycolysis
Some cells can undergo mitosis without cytokinesis. This will result in
cells with more than one nucleus
What is the purpose of error bars on a graph?
To display the chance of error in an experiments data
What is the difference between RNA and DNA?
RNA (ribose) - single-stranded, Nitrogen Bases (CGAU), & used in gene expression
DNA (deoxyribose) - double-stranded, Nitrogen Bases (CGAT), & used to store genetic information
The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. What are the three pieces of evidence that support it using the mitochondria and chloroplast as evidence?
-Both organelles have a double membrane
-Both have their own ribosomes & circular DNA molecules
-Both reproduce independently
Why are pigmentations such as chlorophyll b and carotenoid imporant to photosynthesis?
Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is considered the restriction point?
G1
What is a control in an experiment?
An element in the experiment that is not changed or manipulation
If an area of the cell has lots of H+ions does it have low or high pH? Is it acidic or basic?
It has a low pH level and is acidic.
What beaker is hypotonic?
Beaker B
What is the advantage of the shape of the cristae of the mitochondria?
increases surface area for reactions especially the reactions of the electron transport chain.
The lack of appropriate cell deaths can result in...
a tumor
Most graphs have 5 major parts. What are the parts?
1. Title
2. Independent Variable (X-axis)
3. Dependent Variable (Y-axis)
4. Scale for each variable
5. Legend (or Key)