Unit 1: Chemistry of Life
In a water molecule, which atom is more electronegative: Oxygen or Hydrogen?
Oxygen
Cell A is more efficient than cell B, even though cell B is twice as large. Why?
Cell A has a greater SA:V (or Cell B has a lower SA:V)
How do enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions?
By lowering activation energy (or stabilizing the active site, both are important)
Which 2 properties of water allow for capillary action in plants?
Cohesion and adhesion
What is one piece of evidence in support of endosymbiotic theory?
Accept any of the following: Circular DNA, ribosomes, double membrane, independent replication
Two reactions occur: A and B.
A has a ΔG of -5 kJ/mol. B has a ΔG of +10 kJ/mol. Name one term that describes B.
Accept any of the following: Endergonic, Not/non-spontaneous, Unfavorable/Not favorable
Which type of reaction involves the removal of H2O and results in the formation of a polymer?
Dehydration (or dehydration synthesis or condensation)
Which type of cell transport involves coupling an unfavorable movement to a more favorable one?
Cotransport
What type of enzymatic inhibition can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration?
Competitive
Which functional group determines the polarity of an amino acid: Amino, R, or carboxyl?
R group
What term describes how eukaryotic cells increase cellular efficiency by isolating key chemical reactions?
Compartmentalization
In PSI, NADP+ becomes NADPH. What is happening to NADP+?
It gets reduced (or gains e-).
A fatty acid has a C=C bond forming a "kink" in its structure. Is this a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid?
Unsaturated
Which of these processes involves a conformational change: simple diffusion, endocytosis, facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion
Which process establishes the H+ gradient used for ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation?
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)