Heredity
The father of modern genetics.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
This molecule carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
What is mRNA?
The process by which individuals with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully
What is natural selection?
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.
What is a population?
The process by which an organism maintains a stable internal environment despite external changes.
What is homeostasis?
The different forms of a gene are called this.
What are alleles?
The process of making RNA from DNA.
What is transcription?
This term refers to the relative ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment, often measured by the number of offspring produced.
What is fitness?
This type of relationship benefits one species while the other is neither helped nor harmed.
What is commensalism?
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is driven by this principle.
What is osmosis?
A genetic cross that examines the inheritance of two different traits simultaneously.
What is a dihybrid cross?
These segments of DNA are removed during RNA processing in eukaryotes.
What are introns?
This type of selection favors phenotypes at one extreme of the spectrum, often leading to a shift in the population’s traits over time.
What is directional selection?
The total amount of energy that producers capture and store in an ecosystem.
What is gross primary productivity?
In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, ATP and NADPH are produced. What molecule is split to provide electrons for this process?
What is water (H₂O)?
This law states that alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another during gamete formation.
What is the law of independent assortment?
This process, unique to eukaryotes, allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins.
What is alternative splicing?
This type of evolution involves the appearance of similar traits in unrelated species due to adapting to similar environments, leading to analogous structures.
What is convergent evolution?
The maximum population size that an environment can support.
What is carrying capacity?
This principle states that in an ecological community, two species that have exactly the same niche cannot coexist in the same place.
What is the competitive exclusion principle?
In a dihybrid cross of heterozygotes for two traits, the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation is
What is 9:3:3:1
This epigenetic modification involves adding a methyl group to DNA, typically silencing gene expression.
What is DNA methylation?
This type of selection favors individuals with extreme phenotypes at both ends of the spectrum, while selecting against the intermediate trait.
What is disruptive selection?
This type of symbiotic relationship benefits both species involved, as seen in the relationship between bees and flowering plants.
What is mutualism?
This type of cell signaling involves the release of signaling molecules that affect nearby cells, often seen in immune responses.
What is paracrine signaling?