Unit 1
Bonds that hold a water molecule together
What are polar covalent bonds?
Describe active transport
What is transport that requires energy to move substances across a concentration gradient?
Name the reactants and products of cellular respiration
Reactants: Glucose and Oxygen
Products: Carbon Dioxide, Water, ATP
Definition of apoptosis
What is programmed cell death?
Photosystems l and ll location
What is thylakoid membrane?
Water's ability to travel up a stem in a plant
What is adhesion?
Describe Cell Membrane
- separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment
- consists of a semipermeable lipid bilayer
- regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
Types of fermentation
What is Alcoholic and Lactic Acid Fermentation?
Cause of cancer
What are genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell division?
Respiration with and without oxygen
What is aerobic?
What is anaerobic?
Macromolecules and their monomers
Proteins - Amino Acids
Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides
Lipids - Fatty Acids
Nucleic Acids - Nucleotides
Maker of proteins
What are ribosomes?
Organelle where cellular respiration takes place
What is mitochondria?
Term for
A hypothetical pathway containing two different protein kinases
A sequence of signaling pathways where one enzyme phosphorylates another
What is Phosphorylation Cascade?
Chemical reaction in a cell that releases energy
What is an exergonic reaction?
Starch and Cellulose are
What are polysaccharides?
Animal VS. Plant Cells
Animal: No chloroplasts, no cell wall, centrioles and centrosomes, cilia or flagella
Plant:Cell wall, chloroplasts, large
Part of chloroplast that light-independent reactions occur
What is stroma?
Order of phases of mitosis
What is Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase?
1. Role of cell division in a prokaryotic cell or a unicellular eukaryotic cell
2. Role of cell division play in multicellular organisms
What is reproduction
What is growth, repair/replacement of tissues/cells
The elements C,O,N,H,P,S
What are the primary elements that make up living organisms?
Prokaryotic VS. Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic: no nucleus, no organelles, cell walls
Eukaryotic: nucleus, organelles, no cell walls
Name the steps of cellular respiration in order
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. ETC
What occurs in each phase of the cell cycle?
G1: G1 Phase = cell grows and prepares for DNA replication, increasing number of organelles
S: S Phase (synthesis) = DNA is replicated
G2: G2 Phase (Gap 2) = where cell further prepares for division
M: M Phase (Mitosis) = cell divides into two daughter cells
Definition of chemiosmosis
What is a process in which energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion moves across a membrane and is used to drive cellular work, such as synthesis of ATP.