Chemistry of Life
Cell Structure and Function
Cellular Energetics
Cell Communication and Cell Cycle
Heredity(meiosis)
Gene Expression and Regulation
Natural Selection
Ecology
100
The 4 Macromolecules are __.
What is Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
100
A __ cell is characterized by having DNA in a nucleus that is bound by a nuclear envelope and membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryotic
100
What three letters do enzymes typically end in?
What is -ase.
100
What could cause apoptosis?
What is cell error in replication.
100
Provide one feature that supports the idea of common ancestry.
Ribosomes are found in all forms of life
DNA and RNA are carriers of genetic information
Major features of the genetic code are shared by all modern living systems
Core metabolic pathways are conserved across all currently recognized domains
100
What is transcription?
DNA strands are turned into RNA strands
100
Define Fitness
What is a term used to describe the ability of an organism to thrive in its environment?
100
Name two levels of organization above populations.
What are community and ecosystem
200
DNA gets its negative charge from __.
What is Phosphate group
200
The ______ ___________ in the cell allows the cell to separate its chemical exchanges with its environment.
What is plasma membrane
200
What does a catalyst do in a reaction?
What is lower the activation energy requirement.
200
When an initial signal is amplified and creates a large response.
What is the cascade effect.
200
What is the law of segregation?
Only one of the two gene copies present in an organism is distributed to each gamete, making gene copies random
200
What causes genetic variation? This is the original source of all variations.
Mutations
200
Differences occuring within a species is known as
What is genetic variation?
200
What biome displays the highest amounts of biodiversity?
Tropical Rainforest
300
Water molecules adhere to other surfaces because of __. Short explanation.
What is polarity refers to the unequal distribution of charge within the water molecule. Because of this, it is more easily attracted to other surfaces.
300
Compare and contrast passive and active transport using examples of each.
Could be a multitude of answers, should include: passive diffusion, aquaporin, channel protein, transport/carrier protein, pump protein (only one required per type of transport)
300
More surface area in the mitochondrial matrix means more what?
What is efficiency.
OR
More area for reactions to take place.
300
What type of cell signaling is always sent through the bloodstream (long distance)?
What is endocrine.
300
What is the law that states the allele that a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene?
Law of Independent Assortment
300
Name one thing involved in mRNA processing.
Addition of poly-A-tail & GTP cap
Introns
Exons
Splicing
300
____-_____ equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
What is Hardy Weinberg?
300
In a logistic growth curve, a population eventually reaches this.
What is carrying capacity?
400
10 monomers join to form a polymer through the process of dehydration synthesis, how many water molecules form?
What is 9
400
There is 71% water inside the cell and 37% salinity outside the cell, the inside of the cell is __.
What is hypotonic
400
What is the name of the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction to form products?
What is active site.
400
How many chromosomes are present towards the end of anaphase of mitosis in a complex organism such as Balaenoptera musculus (blue whale) with a standard chromosome number of 44?
What is 88.
400
What is phenotypic plasticity?
Individuals with the same genotype exhibit different phenotypes in different environments
400
What is an operon used for? What organisms have them.
To regulate other genes, "on-off" switch for genes. These are specifically found in prokaryotes.
400
A theory proposing that the origin of organelles in eukaryotic cells is based on early endosymbiosis.
What is Endosymbiotic Theory?
400
What is the difference in these symbiotic relationships?
One is mutualism, and the other is parasitism.
500
Students running a food analysis lab find that a food particle contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. It is most likely a __ (Macromolecule)
What is a protein; Carbohydrates and lipids do not contain nitrogen. Nucleic acids do contain nitrogen, but also contain phosphorus from their phosphate group in the nucleotide. Amino acids (the monomer of proteins) contain nitrogen in the amine group.
500
A cell’s ΨP (pressure potential) is 6 bars and it's ΨS (solute potential) is -9.5, the Ψ (water potential) is __.
What is -3.5
500
In which reaction are photosystem I and II in?
What is light dependent reactions
500
The parathyroid gland releases PTH (parathyroid hormone) into the bloodstream in response to low blood calcium levels. PTH signals the bones to release stored calcium into the bloodstream. What type of feedback controls the regulation and secretion of PTH?
What is negative feedback loop.
Explanation:
The regulation and secretion of PTH is controlled by a negative feedback loop, where low blood calcium levels trigger the release of PTH to increase blood calcium levels, which in turn inhibits further PTH release until calcium levels are restored to normal.
500
Name a phase and process in meiosis that creates variation in cells?
Prophase 1 and crossing-over
OR
Metaphase 1 and independent-assortment
500
What protein joins fragments in the lagging strand?
Ligase
500
What is the difference between the Ray-finned fish and the Amphibians?
Four Limbs
500
Which animal would have an immediate major change in population in the grasshopper population went extinct?
The rat species.