AP Bio- Unit 1 exam review

Water

100

Attraction between the hydrogen of one H2O molecule and an Oxygen of another H2O molecule is an example of which type of bond? 

Hydrogen bond

200

The water potential of pure water in an open beaker is

ZERO 

300

List the four properties of water

Structure/polarity

Adhesion/cohesion/surface tension

Specific heat

Evaporative cooling 

400

Which of the following is NOT true regarding water potential

1. Water potential is measured in bars

2. At atmosphereic pressure, the water potential of pure water is zero

3. Tension is negative water potential.

4. Water moves from areas of lower water potential to higher water potential

5. A cell wall applies pressure potential

4. water moves from areas of lower water potential to higher water potential

500

Why doesn't the bottom of a lake freeze solid? 

Water expands as it solidifies making ice water less dense than liquid water

Carbon+FG

100

Which of the following is true of a ¹²C molecule and a ¹⁴C molecule?

1. They have a diff number of electrons

2. They have same number of neutrons

3. They have the same number of protons

4. They have the same molecular weight

They have the same number of protons

200

Which functional group acts as a weak base? 

Amine group (NH2)

300

This functional group is known for stabilizing proteins and found in tertiary protein structure

sulfhydryl group 

400

Which functional groups are typically found in an amino acid

Amino & Carboxyl 

500

Which functional group forms high energy bonds found in ATP? 

Phosphate group

Carbohydrate

100

What are the monomers of carbohydrate?

Monosaccharide (glucose)

200

Which of the following are known as carbohydrates?

1. Cellulose

2. Glycogen

3. Chitin

4. Only 1 & 2

5. All 

5. All

300

What is the energy storage for animals named? 

Glycogen

400

Why are carbohydrates consumed first before lipids? 

Bonds are easily broken compared to long fatty acid molecules which can take longer for bonds to break.

Carbohydrates are ring shaped which makes them more efficient than long hydrocarbon tails

500

Which type of covalent bond is known to help form carbohydrates through dehydration synthesis 

Glycosidic bonds (linkage)

Lipids

100

Which subunits make up a lipid molecule? 

3 fatty acids & 1 glycerol

200

What is a Micelle? 

lipid molecules arranging themselves in a way to avoid water making bubble shaped molecules 

300

What is ONE major difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat

Unsaturated fats have a double bond resulting in kinks/turns with its structure leading it to have a lower melting point making them liquid at room temperature 

400

Why do lipids have 2x as much energy as carbohydrates? 

an abundance of hydrocarbons allows for formation of many bonds which allows for a large release of energy when bonds dissociate 

500

What is the name of a covalent bond that is responsible for the formation of fatty acids joining a glycerol molecule? 

Ester bond (linkage)

Proteins

100

What is the monomer of protein?

Amino Acid

200

List 4 unique properties of an amino acid 

contains alpha carbon

Has four distinct groups attached to it 

Carboxyl & amino groups

Has an R group giving it even more distinct properties 

300

List 3 causes of denaturation of proteins 

Fever (high temperature)

pH (having higher/lower pH)

Salinity (inorganic salts, more solute)

Radiation (environmental toxins)

400

A covalent bond created through dehydration synthesis between a carboxyl and an amine group is known as a 

Peptide bond 

C-N bond

500

How do Amino Acids interact in the tertiary structure?  (bonds)

Interactions between different R groups begin whole molecule folding.

ionic bonds

hydrogen bonds

hydrophobic interactions

covalent bonds