Biology Review/Statistics
What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?
Ionic - give or take electrons
Covalent - share electrons
What are the 6 essential elements?
C H O N P S
What are the monomers of the 4 macromolecules?
Carbohydrates - monosaccharide
Lipid - glycerol/fatty acid
Protein - amino acid
Nucleic Acid - nucleotide
What are the polymers of the 4 macromolecules?
Carbs - polysaccharides
Lipids - no true polymer (triglyceride)
Proteins - polypeptide
Nucleic Acid - Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA)
What is your teacher's first name?
Emma
You want to do an experiment. You take 20 students and give 10 of them water and 10 of them coffee and see how their heart rate changes after drinking the drink.
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Independent: what they drink
Dependent: their heart rate
What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
Cohesion - like sticks to like (water sticks to water)
Adhesion - two different things stuck to one another (water stuck to glass)
CHONP
CHO
CHO
CHONPS
Which of these essential element groups belongs to which macromolecule?
Carbs: CHO
Lipids: CHO
Proteins: CHONPS
Nucleic Acids: CHONP
Name the nitrogenous bases that are pyrimidines and which ones are purines.
Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine, uracil
Purines: adenine, guanine
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Hydrogen
*Nitrogen is the most abundant gas.
You are testing whether a new deodorant keeps people smelling better longer than Old Spice deodorant.
Create a null and an alternative hypothesis.
Null (H0): Both old spice deodorant and the new deodorant keep people smelling better for the same amount of time.
Alternative (H1): The new deodorant keeps people smelling better for a significantly longer period of time than the Old Spice deodorant.
Why is ice less dense than liquid water?
Hydrogen bonds help create a crystalline structure. Therefore, it is less dense and can float on liquid water.
Which macromolecule is created by linking monomers through phosphodiester linkages?
Nucleic acids - phosphodiester linkages are formed when there's a phosphate group on the 5' end and a hydroxyl group on the 3' end of a sugar ring
What is the big difference between deoxyribose and ribose?
Ribose has an extra oxygen on the 2' carbon of the sugar molecule
Name 7 Harry Potter characters.
Dumbledore, Harry, Hermione, Ron, Voldemort, Bellatrix, Sirius, Dobby, Molly, Snape, Fred, George, etc.
What is the difference between a positive vs negative control?
Positive control: we know that the treatment has a desired effect (ex: we know that tylenol helps with headaches)
Negative control: the treatment will not produce an effect (ex: placebo pill, drinking water, not being treated at all, etc.)
What is the difference between polar vs nonpolar molecules?
AND, which one is hydrophilic vs hydrophobic?
Polar: unequally charged molecules HYDROPHILIC (ex: water - partially positive & partially negative)
Nonpolar: molecules are equally charged HYDROPHOBIC (neutral)
Name 4 functions of proteins.
Antibodies, structure, transport, signal/receptor, hormones, enzymes, storage
What is the complimentary DNA strand to the strand 5'-AAACGTA-3'?
3'-TTTGCAT-5'
What is the standard deviation formula? AND what do all the symbols mean?
Sigma: summation
xi: sample's value
x bar: mean
n: sample size
n-1: degrees of freedom
What is the difference between high and low standard deviation?
Draw it as well.
Low standard deviation means that the data stays mostly around the mean. High standard deviation means the data is very far spread out from the mean.
What is the difference between a hydrolysis and a dehydration reaction?
Dehydration - water is being removed to join 2 monomers to create a polymer.
Hydrolysis - water is being added to split a polymer into 2 monomers.
Draw the 4 structures of proteins and label them.
Primary - chain of a.a.
Secondary - alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
Tertiary- single polypeptide chain that is folding in on itself due to disulfide bridges
Quaternary - 2 or more polypeptide chains folding in on each other
What are the 4 side chains that are attached to a Carbon in an amino acid?
1. Amino group (NH2) - N-terminus
2. Carboxyl group (COOH) - C-terminus
3. Hydrogen
4. R variable side chain
What organelle is in charge of making lipids?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum