Exploring Life
The smallest unit of matter that can carry out all the processes of life
cell
proteins are made up of these
amino acids
What type of bond holds one water molecule to another?
Hydrogen bond
Carbon has this many valence electrons
Four
the nucleus of an atom is made up of these particles
protons and neutrons
The heredity material in living things
DNA
All cell membranes consist of these
phospholipids
Bonds that hold a water molecule together
covalent bond
the functional group that contains the element nitrogen
amino group
high-energy particles that circle the nucleus of an atom
electrons
A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function
Organ
A reaction that synthesizes polymers
dehydration synthesis
Which property of water allows insects to “walk on water”?
Surface tension
The functional group that is found in alcohols
hydroxyl group
pure substances that cannot be broken down chemically
elements
Populations of organisms evolve over generation primarily by this process
Natural selection
Which macromolecule is identified if phosphorus is present but sulfur is absent?
DNA/nucleic acid
What property of water allows it to move upward in plants through xylem?
Capillary Action
The functional group found in ATP
phosphate group
electrons are unequally shared
polarity
A short segment of DNA
Gene
Compare the function of lipids and carbohydrates in organisms.
Lipids = long-term energy storage & membranes; Carbohydrates = quick energy & structural support
How does water’s high specific heat help organisms survive in lakes and oceans?
It moderates temperature changes, creating a stable environment
The functional group that stabilizes proteins in their tertiary structure
sulfhydryl group
What bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom, creating cations and anions that attract each other
ionic bonds