Macromolecules
This lipid structure forms the base for all membranes within the cell
Phospholipid bilayers
This organelle is only found in plants and a couple animals. It uses the energy from the sun to synthesize glucose.
Chloroplasts
This type of bond creates cohesion between water molecules
Hydrogen bonds
The type of cell WITHOUT a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Prokaryote
How many valence electrons are in a carbon atom
4
Polypeptide chains are formed out of ____________ monomers
Amino Acids
This organelle helps to break down waste products within the cell.
Lysosomes
Water molecules show adhesion with this type of molecule
Polar
The type of cell WITH a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes
These molecules have the same atomic formula, but different structures
Isomers
This carbohydrate is used for energy storage before being converted into ATP in the mitochondria
Glucose
All cells contain ____________. They make proteins using instructions found in DNA
Ribosomes
Water is a polar molecule. The oxygen atom has a ______ charge.
Negative
These molecules help cells break down food and waste products
Enzymes
__________ are repeated smaller units bonded with covelent bonds.
Polymers
This is the level of protein structure that forms beta sheets and alpha helices
secondary structures
The mitochondria is a double membraned organelle that generates ATP by pumping _____________ across the internal membrane.
Hydrogen ions (H+)
What do we call non-polar substances that do NOT interact with water molecules
Hydrophobic
This is the form that DNA takes when a cell is not dividing
Chromatin
This reaction joins together monomers & creates a water molecule.
Condensation reaction or Dehydration synthesis
Name the 4 monomers found in deoxyribose nucleic acid.
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
The nucleus has large pores big enough to allow what two things to exit
RNA & ribosomes
increased hydroxide ions in water will make it ________.
Basic
This sets the upper limit on cell size.
Metabolism. Larger cells could not move in enough food or get rid of waste fast enough.
This reaction breaks apart monomers and uses up available water.
Hydrolysis